{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:05:49Z","timestamp":1790139949719,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1790137782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Evaluation and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013 and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Expert Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Arab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harmeet","family":"Malhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald Scott","family":"Winder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00822-y","article-title":"The intersection between alcohol-related liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Diaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70017","article-title":"MetALD: new perspectives on an old overlooked disease","volume":"45","author":"Ayares","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047","article-title":"Clinical Care Pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with Metabolic Dysfunction associated Steatotic liver Disease","volume":"171","author":"Kanwal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16726","article-title":"Mortality outcomes in individuals with MASLD versus MASLD and increased alcohol intake","volume":"39","author":"Aboona","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"78","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.11.028","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD): position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"82","author":"Arab","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.02.007","article-title":"Steatotic liver disease classification is dynamic, affecting clinical trial eligibility and subclass-specific treatments","volume":"23","author":"Israelsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15155","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol use disorder among individuals who binge eat: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Bogusz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.04.040","article-title":"Ethyl glucuronide in hair detects a high rate of harmful alcohol consumption in presumed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Staufer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative Project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol Consumption--II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13276","article-title":"Follow-up of alcohol consumption after liver transplantation: interest of an addiction team?","volume":"41","author":"Donnadieu-Rigole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30866","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases: 2019 practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of liver diseases","volume":"71","author":"Crabb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000340","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Roerecke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01855.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of urinary ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in liver disease patients","volume":"37","author":"Stewart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70133","article-title":"Validation of blood phosphatidylethanol as an alcohol consumption biomarker in patients with alcohol use disorder and liver disease at a liver transplant center","volume":"49","author":"Watt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3340","article-title":"Consensus for the use of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) for the assessment of abstinence and alcohol consumption in clinical and forensic practice (2022 consensus of Basel)","volume":"14","author":"Luginbuhl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14475","article-title":"Relationship of phosphatidylethanol biomarker to self-reported alcohol drinking patterns in older and middle-age adults","volume":"44","author":"Cherrier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00187-6","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanol and self-reported alcohol intake to subclassify indidivuals at risk of steatotic liver disease: an analysis of data from a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Torp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.10.005","article-title":"Prognostic performance of Phosphatidylethanol with inon-invasive liver fibrosis tests in alcohol related liver disease","volume":"170","author":"Torp","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2023.11.683","article-title":"Clinical utility and impact of phosphatidylethanol testing in liver transplantation evaluations","volume":"65","author":"Fipps","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22370","article-title":"Substance use by liver transplant candidates: an anonymous urinalysis study","volume":"17","author":"Webzell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib23","article-title":"Critical misconceptions and knowledge gaps regarding alcohol cessation and risk of relapse in alcohol-related liver disease patients: a qualitative mental models study","volume":"161","author":"Mellinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105200","article-title":"Effects of prolonged ethanol intake: production of Fatty liver despite adequate diets","volume":"44","author":"Lieber","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.06.036","article-title":"Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with increased fibrosis in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"81","author":"Marti-Aguado","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.018","article-title":"Impact of alcohol on the progression of HCV-related liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Llamosas-Falcon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib27","first-page":"179","article-title":"Dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and the risks of hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30992","article-title":"Excess alcohol greatly increases the prevalence of cirrhosis in hereditary hemochromatosis","volume":"122","author":"Fletcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1776","article-title":"Associations between alcohol use and liver-related outcomes in a large national cohort of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Pearson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00448","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease: two intertwined entities","volume":"7","author":"Idalsoaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000843","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guideline on imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis","volume":"81","author":"Sterling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000718","article-title":"Noninvasive pathway for stratifying fibrosis in suspected metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD)","volume":"9","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.09.042","article-title":"Alcohol-Associated Liver disease: managing the dual pathology of liver disease and of alcohol use disorder","volume":"168","author":"Arab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.037","article-title":"Prognostic performance of 7 biomarkers compared to liver biopsy in early alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.005","article-title":"Accuracy of the enhanced liver fibrosis Test vs FibroTest, elastography, and indirect markers in detection of advanced fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"154","author":"Thiele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00017-1","article-title":"Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"8","author":"Vali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.043","article-title":"Vibration-Controlled transient elastography to assess fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.05.021","article-title":"Agile scores in MASLD and ALD: external validation and their utility in clinical algorithms","volume":"81","author":"Papatheodoridi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303971","article-title":"FAST and Agile-the MASLD drift: validation of Agile 3+, Agile 4 and FAST scores in 246 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients meeting MASLD criteria of prevalent caucasian origin","volume":"19","author":"Taru","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.025","article-title":"An individual patient data meta-analysis to determine cut-offs for and confounders of NAFLD-fibrosis staging with magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"79","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-03889-2","article-title":"Measurement of liver stiffness with 2D-Shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in bariatric surgery candidates reveals acceptable diagnostic yield compared to liver biopsy","volume":"29","author":"Jamialahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.08.021","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography for liver fibrosis: a multicenter prospective Study","volume":"20","author":"Kakegawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.23923","article-title":"Performance of the enhanced liver fibrosis Test to estimate advanced fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32151","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography for prediction of long-term progression and outcome in chronic liver disease: a retrospective study","volume":"75","author":"Gidener","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04546-8","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography with transient elastography in adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy","volume":"50","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.06.030","article-title":"Dynamics in liver stiffness measurements predict outcomes in advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"165","author":"Semmler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327777","article-title":"Liver stiffness thresholds to predict disease progression and clinical outcomes in bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis","volume":"72","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.019","article-title":"Using liver stiffness to predict and monitor the risk of decompensation and mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"81","author":"Thorhauge","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1447","article-title":"Vibration-controlled transient elastography scores to predict liver-related events in steatotic liver disease","volume":"331","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.05.008","article-title":"Increases and decreases in liver stiffness measurement are independently associated with the risk of liver-related events in NAFLD","volume":"81","author":"Gawrieh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000891","article-title":"Comparing serial and current liver stiffness measurements to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients","volume":"81","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i8.966","article-title":"Increased liver stiffness in alcoholic liver disease: differentiating fibrosis from steatohepatitis","volume":"16","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.02.021","article-title":"Transient elastography accurately screens for compensated advanced chronic liver disease in patients with ongoing or recent alcohol withdrawal","volume":"20","author":"Legros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"81","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.02.044","article-title":"Global Consensus recommendations for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver disease and steatohepatitis","volume":"169","author":"Younossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000670","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: update and impact of new nomenclature on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidance on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Kanwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2025.101903","article-title":"Updated recommendations for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by the Latin American working group","volume":"30","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.016","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and liver diseases","volume":"77","author":"Marti-Aguado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis","volume":"390","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2413258","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis","volume":"392","author":"Sanyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib63","first-page":"59","article-title":"Resmetirom treatment of a subgroup of patients with possible metald enrolled in MAESTRO NASH, a phase 3 NASH\/MASH serial liver BIOPSY study","volume":"12","author":"Alkhouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"UEG J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"82","author":"Hendershot","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003585","article-title":"Association of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with liver-related outcomes and all cause mortality in patients with harmful alcohol use: a Target Trial Emulation Study","volume":"121","author":"John","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086454","article-title":"Does semaglutide reduce alcohol intake in Danish patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity? Trial protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the SEMALCO trial)","volume":"15","author":"Klausen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109809","article-title":"A human laboratory study on the link between alcohol administration and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in individuals with alcohol use disorder","volume":"245","author":"Farokhnia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.024","article-title":"FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit","volume":"34","author":"Flippo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01073-6","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of once-weekly efruxifermin versus placebo in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (HARMONY): 96-week results from a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"406","author":"Noureddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib70","first-page":"7","article-title":"The central GLP-1: implications for food and drug reward","volume":"14","author":"Skibicka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.05.013","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality in patients with steatotic liver disease in the United States","volume":"83","author":"Ochoa-Allemant","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.14060","article-title":"Brief intervention for chronic liver disease patients with alcohol use disorder in a hepatology outpatient unit: effects and limitations","volume":"54","author":"Hara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001371","article-title":"A brief intervention on alcohol use disorder is associated with treatment access for inpatients with alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Twohig","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000181","article-title":"Improving alcohol treatment engagement using integrated behavioral interventions in alcohol-associated liver disease: a randomized pilot trial","volume":"7","author":"Mellinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00527-0","article-title":"Management of alcohol use disorder in patients with cirrhosis in the setting of liver transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Arab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31058","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of an integrated alcohol reduction intervention in patients with hepatitis C infection","volume":"71","author":"Proeschold-Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/LVT.0000000000000638","article-title":"From embedded interprofessional clinics to expanded alcohol-associated liver disease programs","volume":"31","author":"Winder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2080","article-title":"Naltrexone for alcohol use disorder: hepatic safety in patients with and without liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Ayyala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13014","article-title":"Incidence and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease after medical therapy for alcohol use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Vannier","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.13","article-title":"Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence with or without liver disease: multisite, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"212","author":"Morley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61814-5","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study","volume":"370","author":"Addolorato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-012-0061-5","article-title":"Pregabalin for alcohol dependence: a critical review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Guglielmo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwad048","article-title":"Inpatient screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol use disorder in patients admitted with alcohol-associated liver disease is not universally implemented in practice, but can reduce readmissions for alcohol-associated hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad051","article-title":"Efficacy of psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol use in comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Hemrage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.254","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease: a propensity score-adjusted observational study","volume":"19","author":"Moscatiello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.048","article-title":"Alcohol rehabilitation within 30 days of hospital discharge is associated with reduced readmission, relapse, and death in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Peeraphatdit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70018","article-title":"Contingency management to promote treatment engagement in comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Hemrage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib88","article-title":"Role of dual-contingency management in family-based obesity therapy and the effects of weight loss on liver transient elastography parameters in youth: a pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Majumdar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8279","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with alcohol or substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2024.01.012","article-title":"American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2022 estimate of metabolic and bariatric procedures performed in the United States","volume":"20","author":"Clapp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.41380","article-title":"Metabolic bariatric surgery in the era of GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity management","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01280-6","article-title":"Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty for treatment of class 1 and 2 obesity (MERIT): a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial","volume":"400","author":"Abu Dayyeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19569","article-title":"Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"326","author":"Aminian","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.025","article-title":"Resolution of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with no worsening of fibrosis after bariatric surgery improves 15-year survival: a prospective cohort Study","volume":"23","author":"Lassailly","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01698.x","article-title":"Faster absorption of ethanol and higher peak concentration in women after gastric bypass surgery","volume":"54","author":"Klockhoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2017.11.010","article-title":"Sleeve gastrectomy surgery: when 2 alcoholic drinks are converted to 4","volume":"14","author":"Acevedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa147","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and risk of alcohol use disorder: a register-based cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Bramming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.06.019","article-title":"Change in consumption patterns for treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder post-bariatric surgery","volume":"78","author":"Cuellar-Barboza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-017-3022-x","article-title":"A qualitative examination of increased alcohol use after bariatric surgery among Racially\/Ethnically diverse young adults","volume":"28","author":"Spadola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001506","article-title":"Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with increased hazard for de novo alcohol-related complications and liver disease","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06394-9","article-title":"Guidelines for perioperative care in bariatric surgery: enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations: a 2021 update","volume":"46","author":"Stenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib102","article-title":"Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications","volume":"11","author":"Egholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000490","article-title":"Binge drinking at time of bariatric surgery is associated with liver disease, suicides, and increases long-term mortality","volume":"8","author":"Alvarado-Tapias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18506","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison between phosphatidylethanol versus indirect alcohol biomarkers for diagnosis of MetALD versus MASLD: a prospective Study","volume":"61","author":"Tavaglione","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01850-y","article-title":"Noninvasive proteomic biomarkers for alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00780-3","article-title":"Deep proteome profiling of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Boel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.05.026","article-title":"Dissecting metabolic dysfunction- and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) using proteomic and metabolomic profiles","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70012","article-title":"The lipidomic profile discriminates between MASLD and MetALD","volume":"61","author":"Schneider","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13567","article-title":"Concomitant psychiatric and nonalcohol-related substance use disorders among hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver disease in the United States","volume":"42","author":"Jinjuvadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2022.2090337","article-title":"The clinical implication of psychiatric illnesses in patients with alcoholic liver disease: an analysis of US hospitals","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221276.17823.df","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"68","author":"Elwing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22868","article-title":"Quality of life in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: baseline data from the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network","volume":"49","author":"David","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1357664","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and\/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356526005689?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356526005689?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:29:56Z","timestamp":1790137796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356526005689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S1542356526005689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Evaluation and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013 and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Expert Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.07.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Gastroenterological Association Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}