{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:13:01Z","timestamp":1770981181796,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]],"date-time":"2011-11-02T00:37:54Z","timestamp":1320194274000},"page":"651-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of AACAP Practice Parameters for Gender Nonconformity and Gender Discordance in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stewart L.","family":"Adelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib1","series-title":"Psychoanalytic therapy and the gay man","author":"Drescher","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib2","series-title":"Male homosexuality: a contemporary psychoanalytic perspective","author":"Friedman","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib3","series-title":"Sexual orientation and psychoanalysis: sexual science and clinical practice","author":"Friedman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib4","series-title":"Identity, gender, and sexuality: 150 years after Freud","first-page":"79","article-title":"The issue of homosexuality in psychoanalysis","author":"Friedman","year":"2006"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311407","article-title":"Homosexuality","volume":"331","author":"Friedman","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2004.02.005","article-title":"Homoerotic development during childhood and adolescence","volume":"13","author":"Savin-Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2004.02.006","article-title":"Gender identity development and issues","volume":"13","author":"Zucker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib8","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib10","series-title":"Gender development","author":"Golombok","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib11","series-title":"The family and public policy","article-title":"The two sexes: growing up apart, coming together","author":"Maccoby","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00880.x","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on sex-typed behavior during the preschool years","volume":"76","author":"Iervolino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib13","series-title":"Handbook of child psychology","first-page":"858","article-title":"Gender development","author":"Ruble","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.676","article-title":"Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation","volume":"106","author":"Bussey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10532528.2002.10559803","article-title":"A critical review of recent biological research on human sexual orientation","volume":"13","author":"Mustanski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sex Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.233","article-title":"Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: a theory of homosexuality\/heterosexuality","volume":"101","author":"Ellis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64448-9","article-title":"Psychoendocrine research on sexual orientation: Current status and future options","volume":"61","author":"Meyer-Bahlburg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"5023","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1887219","article-title":"A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men","volume":"253","author":"LeVay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542261","article-title":"The prehomosexual male child in three societies: the United States, Guatemala, Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Whitam","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541941","article-title":"Childhood cross-gender behavior of homosexual females in Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States","volume":"20","author":"Whitam","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib21","series-title":"Sexual preference: its development in men and women","author":"Bell","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542559","article-title":"Maternally rated childhood gender nonconformity in homosexuals and heterosexuals","volume":"22","author":"Bailey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1521\/jaap.1.2000.28.3.431","article-title":"The psychobiology of late childhood: significance for psychoanalytic developmental theory and clinical practice","volume":"28","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychoanal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3524","article-title":"Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults","volume":"123","author":"Ryan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/136910501164128","article-title":"Homophobia and anti-gay violence\u2014contemporary perspectives [editorial introduction]","volume":"5","author":"Herdt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007003011","article-title":"Trying to hide: a cross-national study of growing up for non-identified gay and bisexual male youth","volume":"7","author":"Carragher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.2.262","article-title":"Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students","volume":"88","author":"Faulkner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.5.895","article-title":"The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents","volume":"101","author":"Garofalo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.57","article-title":"The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: results of a population-based study","volume":"88","author":"Remafedi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/2136401","article-title":"Parasuicide, gender, and gender deviance","volume":"24","author":"Harry","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(98)00085-3","article-title":"Transexualism: a review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"46","author":"Cohen-Kettenis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib32","series-title":"The \u201csissy-boy syndrome\u201d and the development of homosexuality","author":"Green","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib33","series-title":"Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents","author":"Zucker","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200104000-00017","article-title":"Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00008","article-title":"Gender identity disorder: a review of the past 10 years","volume":"36","author":"Bradley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/378068a0","article-title":"A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transexuality","volume":"378","author":"Zhou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-4342-9","article-title":"Gender identity outcome in female-raised 46,XY persons with penile agenesis, cloacal exstrophy of the bladder, or penile ablation","volume":"34","author":"Meyer-Bahlburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/10481889109538916","article-title":"The etiology of boyhood gender identity disorder: A model for integrating temperament, development, and psychodynamics","volume":"1","author":"Coates","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic Dialogues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199103000-00022","article-title":"Mothers of boys with gender identity disorder: a comparison of matched controls","volume":"30","author":"Marantz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021769215342","article-title":"Demographic characteristics, social competence, and behavior problems in children with gender identity disorder: a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis","volume":"31","author":"Cohen-Kettenis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007003007","article-title":"Gender-dysphoric children and adolescents: a comparative analysis of demographic characteristics and behavioral problems","volume":"7","author":"Zucker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v03n02_09","article-title":"Long-term effects of treatment for gender identity disorder of childhood","volume":"3","author":"Rekers","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Psychol Human Sex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib43","series-title":"Sissies and tomboys: gender nonconformity and homosexual childhood","first-page":"34","article-title":"Ethical issues in diagnosing and treating gender-dysphoric children and adolescents","author":"Pleak","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007003005","article-title":"Gender identity disorder in young boys: a parent- and peer-based treatment protocol","volume":"7","author":"Meyer-Bahlburg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200208000-00021","article-title":"A support group for parents of gender-nonconforming boys","volume":"41","author":"Menvielle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0345","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"94","author":"Hembree","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib47","article-title":"Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender identity disorder: a prospective follow-up study","author":"de Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001_bib48","article-title":"Comparing adult and adolescent transsexuals: an MMPI-2 and MMPI-A study","author":"de Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499311000666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499311000666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T22:40:10Z","timestamp":1761000010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056499311000666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056499311000666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-4993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-4993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of AACAP Practice Parameters for Gender Nonconformity and Gender Discordance in Children and Adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2011.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}