{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1769600875993,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T09:20:45Z","timestamp":1537176045000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pathway to Electroconvulsive Treatment for Minors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bradley","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib1","first-page":"406","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy: administrative codes, legislation, and professional recommendations","volume":"34","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"157","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision)","volume":"151","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318145ae1c","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0139","article-title":"A\u00a020 year practice review of electroconvulsive therapy for adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Puffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib6","first-page":"109","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for minors: experiences and attitudes of child psychiatrists and psychologists","volume":"17","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000142280.87429.68","article-title":"Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents","volume":"43","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib8","series-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents: brief overview and ethical issues","author":"Sachs","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib9","unstructured":"Aden v. Younger, 129 Cal. Rptr. 535 (Cal. Ct. App. 1976)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib10","unstructured":"Wyatt v. Hardin, 1975\u00a0U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13571 (M.D. Ala. 1975)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib11","first-page":"60","article-title":"Regulation of electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review of US State laws","volume":"34","author":"Livingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib12","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Alabama. Available at: http:\/\/alisondb.legislature.state.al.us\/alison\/CoaSearchContent.aspx. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib13","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Alaska. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.state.ak.us\/basis\/folio.asp. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib14","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Arizona. Available at: http:\/\/www.azleg.gov. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib15","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Arkansas. Available at: http:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/arcode\/Default.asp. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib16","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Connecticut\u2019s General Assembly. Available at: https:\/\/search.cga.state.ct.us\/r\/statute\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib17","unstructured":"Legislature from the District of Columbia Code. Available at: http:\/\/dccode.elaws.us. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib18","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Hawaii. Available at: http:\/\/www.capitol.hawaii.gov. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib19","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Indiana. Find Law: Indiana Code. Available at: http:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/in\/title-16-health\/in-code-sect-16-36-1-7-3.html. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib20","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Iowa. Available at: https:\/\/www.legis.iowa.gov\/publications\/search\/document?fq=id:491043&pdid=701814&q=electroconvulsive#441.29.6. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib21","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Maine. Available at: http:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dhhs\/samhs\/mentalhealth\/rights-legal\/index.html. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib22","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Maryland\u2019s General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/mgaleg.maryland.gov\/webmga\/frmStatutes.aspx?pid=statpage&tab=subject5. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib23","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Minnesota. Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Available at: https:\/\/www.revisor.mn.gov\/laws. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib24","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Minnesota. Available at: http:\/\/search.leg.mt.gov. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib25","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Nebraska. Available at: http:\/\/www.sos.ne.gov\/rules-and-regs\/regsearch\/index.html. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib26","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Nevada. Available at: https:\/\/www.leg.state.nv.us\/Site\/Search\/search.cfm. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib27","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of New Hampshire. Revised Statutes Online. Available at: http:\/\/www.gencourt.state.nh.us\/rsa\/html\/indexes\/search.html. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib28","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of New Jersey. Available at: http:\/\/lis.njleg.state.nj.us\/nxt\/gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default.htm&vid=Publish:10.1048\/Enu. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib29","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of New Mexico. Available at: https:\/\/nmlegis.gov\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib30","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of North Carolina\u2019s General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncga.state.nc.us\/gascripts\/statutes\/Statutes.asp. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib31","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of North Dakota. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.nd.gov\/search. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib32","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Oklahoma State. Available at: http:\/\/oklegislature.gov\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib33","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Oregon State. Available at: https:\/\/www.oregonlegislature.gov\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib34","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Pennsylvania. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.state.pa.us\/cfdocs\/legis\/li\/public\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib35","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Rhode Island\u2019s General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/webserver.rilin.state.ri.us\/Statutes. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib36","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of South Carolina. Available at: http:\/\/www.scstatehouse.gov\/query.php?search=FIRST&searchtext=&category=CODEOFLAWS. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib37","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Vermont\u2019s General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/legislature.vermont.gov\/statutes\/search. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib38","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Washington. Available at: http:\/\/search.leg.wa.gov\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib39","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of West Virginia. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.state.wv.us\/WVCODE\/Code.cfm. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib40","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Wisconsin State. Available at: http:\/\/docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib41","unstructured":"Legislature from the State of Wyoming. LexisNexis Wyoming Statutes Public Access. Available at: http:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/wystatutes\/. Accessed May 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib42","unstructured":"Canberra Hospital and Health Services Clinical Procedure. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) \u2013 adults and children over 12 years of age. Available at: http:\/\/www.health.act.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/\/new_policy_and_plan\/Electroconvulsive%20Therapy%20%28ECT%29%20-%20Adults%20and%20Children%20over%2012%20years%20of%20age.docx. Accessed May 12, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2582(00)80028-8","article-title":"Introduction to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"26","author":"Zis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib44","unstructured":"The Alabama Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/alisondb.legislature.state.al.us\/alison\/CoaSearchContent.aspx. Accessed April 7, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib45","unstructured":"The Alaska State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.state.ak.us\/basis\/folio.asp. Accessed March 29, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib46","unstructured":"Arizona State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.azleg.gov. Accessed March 29, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib47","unstructured":"Arkansas Code. Available at: http:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/arcode\/Default.asp. Accessed March 29, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib48","unstructured":"California Legislative Information. Available at: http:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes.xhtml. Accessed March 31, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib49","unstructured":"California Code of Regulations. Available at: https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/index?__lrTS=20170331163747673&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default). Accessed March 31, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib50","unstructured":"Colorado Revised Statutes. Available at: https:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/colorado\/. Accessed April 10, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib51","unstructured":"Connecticut General Assembly. Available at: https:\/\/www.cga.ct.gov. Accessed April 10, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib52","unstructured":"District of Columbia Code. Available at: http:\/\/dccode.elaws.us. Accessed April 10, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib53","unstructured":"The Delaware Code Online. Available at: http:\/\/delcode.delaware.gov. Accessed April 26, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib54","unstructured":"The Florida Statutes. Available at: http:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/Statutes. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib55","unstructured":"Georgia General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/en-US\/default.aspx. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib56","unstructured":"Hawaii State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.capitol.hawaii.gov. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib57","unstructured":"Idaho State Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/legislature.idaho.gov. Accessed May, 10 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib58","unstructured":"Illinois General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/legislation\/ilcs\/ilcs5.asp?ActID=1496&ChapterID=34. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib59","unstructured":"Find Law: Indiana Code. Available at: http:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/in\/title-16-health\/in-code-sect-16-36-1-7-3.html. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib60","unstructured":"The Iowa Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/www.legis.iowa.gov\/publications\/search\/document?fq=id:491043&pdid=701814&q=electroconvulsive#441.29.6. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib61","unstructured":"Kansas Legislative Sessions. Available at: http:\/\/www.kslegislature.org\/li\/b2017_18\/statute\/. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib62","unstructured":"Kentucky Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.lrc.ky.gov\/statutes\/search.aspx. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib63","unstructured":"Louisiana State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/legis.la.gov\/Legis\/LawSearch.aspx. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib64","unstructured":"State of Maine. Available at: http:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dhhs\/samhs\/mentalhealth\/rights-legal\/index.html. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib65","unstructured":"General Assembly of Maryland. Available at: http:\/\/mgaleg.maryland.gov\/webmga\/frmStatutes.aspx?pid=statpage&tab=subject5. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib66","unstructured":"The official Web site of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Available at: http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/portal\/government\/legislative\/. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib67","unstructured":"Michigan Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.legislature.mi.gov\/(S(11gqmyeofsedx5gr4rqp0vwf ))\/mileg.aspx?page=MCLBasicSearch. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib68","unstructured":"Minnesota Legislature\u2014Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Available at: https:\/\/www.revisor.mn.gov\/search\/?stat=1&laws=1&rule=1. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib69","unstructured":"Mississippi State Department of Health. Available at: http:\/\/msdh.ms.gov\/msdhsite\/_static\/4,1422,207.html. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib70","unstructured":"Missouri General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/www.moga.mo.gov\/htmlpages2\/statuteconstitutionsearch.aspx. Accessed April 27, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib71","unstructured":"Search the Montana Legislature Web site. Available at: https:\/\/leg.mt.gov\/bills\/mca\/index.html. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib72","unstructured":"Official Nebraska government Web site. Available at: http:\/\/www.sos.ne.gov\/rules-and-regs\/regsearch\/index.html. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib73","unstructured":"Nevada Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/www.leg.state.nv.us\/Site\/Search\/search.cfm. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib74","unstructured":"State of New Hampshire revised statutes online. Available at: http:\/\/www.gencourt.state.nh.us\/rsa\/html\/indexes\/search.html. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib75","unstructured":"New Jersey Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/lis.njleg.state.nj.us\/nxt\/gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default.htm&vid=Publish:10.1048\/Enu. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib76","unstructured":"New Mexico Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/nmlegis.gov\/. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib77","unstructured":"New York State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/public.leginfo.state.ny.us\/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib78","unstructured":"North Carolina General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncga.state.nc.us\/gascripts\/statutes\/Statutes.asp. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib79","unstructured":"North Dakota Legislative Branch. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.nd.gov\/search. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib80","unstructured":"LAWriter Ohio Laws and Rules. Available at: http:\/\/codes.ohio.gov\/. Accessed April 25, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib81","unstructured":"Oklahoma State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/oklegislature.gov\/. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib82","unstructured":"Oregon State Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/www.oregonlegislature.gov\/. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib83","unstructured":"Unofficial Purdon's Pennsylvania statutes From Westlaw. Available at: https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/pac\/Search\/Index. Accessed May 10, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib84","unstructured":"State of Rhode Island General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/webserver.rilin.state.ri.us\/Statutes. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib85","unstructured":"South Carolina Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.scstatehouse.gov\/query.php?search=FIRST&searchtext=&category=CODEOFLAWS. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib86","unstructured":"South Dakota Legislature Legislative Research Council. Available at: http:\/\/sdlegislature.gov\/statutes\/Codified_Laws\/TextSearch.aspx. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib87","unstructured":"LexisNexis Tennessee code unannotated\u2014free public access. Available at: http:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/tncode\/. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib88","unstructured":"Texas Constitution and statutes. Available at: http:\/\/www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us\/Search.aspx. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib89","unstructured":"Utah State Legislature. Available at: https:\/\/le.utah.gov\/solrsearch.jsp. Accessed May 9, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib90","unstructured":"Vermont General Assembly. Available at: http:\/\/legislature.vermont.gov\/statutes\/search. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib91","unstructured":"Virginia's Legislative information system. Available at: http:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib92","unstructured":"Washington State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/search.leg.wa.gov\/search.aspx#document&searchQuery=&searchBase=RCW&exec=false. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib93","unstructured":"West Virginia Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/www.legis.state.wv.us\/WVCODE\/Code.cfm. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib94","unstructured":"Wisconsin State Legislature. Available at: http:\/\/docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. Accessed May 8, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001_bib95","unstructured":"LexisNexioatutes annotated\u2014free public access. Available at: http:\/\/www.lexisnexis.com\/hottopics\/wystatutes\/. Accessed May 8, 2017."}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499318306539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499318306539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T22:47:07Z","timestamp":1761000427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056499318306539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056499318306539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-4993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-4993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathway to Electroconvulsive Treatment for Minors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}