{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:55:45Z","timestamp":1776164145780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T18:06:06Z","timestamp":1535479566000},"page":"101-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Electroconvulsive Treatment for Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nisha","family":"Withane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk M.","family":"Dhossche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5","article-title":"Autism after adolescence: population-based 13-\u00a0to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood","volume":"35","author":"Billstedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.357","article-title":"Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders","volume":"176","author":"Wing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239709147805","article-title":"Catatonia in an adolescent with Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Dhossche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72007-9","article-title":"Prader-Willi syndrome: atypical psychoses and motor dysfunctions","volume":"72","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01778.x","article-title":"Retrospective chart review of catatonia in child and adolescent psychiatric patients","volume":"125","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12362","article-title":"The nature and prevalence of catatonic symptoms in young people with autism","volume":"61","author":"Breen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12481","article-title":"Attenuated behaviour in Cornelia de Lange and fragile X syndromes","volume":"62","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib8","first-page":"70","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in a man with autism experiencing severe depression, catatonia, and self-Injury","volume":"96","author":"Wachtel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0155-z","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for psychotropic-refractory bipolar affective disorder and severe self-injury and aggression in an 11-year-old autistic boy","volume":"20","author":"Wachtel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1705","article-title":"Comorbid association of autism and schizophrenia","volume":"148","author":"Volkmar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib11","first-page":"334","article-title":"Catatonia among adolescents with down syndrome: a review and 2 case reports","volume":"27","author":"Jap","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.02.012","article-title":"Medical and developmental risk factors of catatonia in children and adolescents: a prospective case-control study","volume":"137","author":"Consoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib13","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (5th Edition) (DSM-5)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0676-x","article-title":"Catatonia in autism: implications across the life span","volume":"17","author":"Kakooza-Mwesige","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib15","first-page":"19","article-title":"Catatonia and autism: a historical review, with implications for ECT","volume":"25","author":"Dhossche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.012","article-title":"Measuring catatonia: a systematic review of rating scales","volume":"135","author":"Sienaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","article-title":"Catatonia: I: rating scale and standardized examination","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09815.x","article-title":"Catatonia. II. Treatment with lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib19","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner","year":"1943","journal-title":"Nervous Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib20","first-page":"42","article-title":"Katatonia: a new conceptual understanding of catatonia and a new rating scale","volume":"5","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000313","article-title":"Self-injurious behaviour in people with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder","volume":"30","author":"Oliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445507304581","article-title":"A\u00a0review of behavioral treatments for self-injurious behaviors of persons with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"32","author":"Matson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72002-X","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic examination of catatonic-like clinical pictures in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"72","author":"Wing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.02.001","article-title":"Self-injury in autism as an alternate sign of catatonia: implications for electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"75","author":"Wachtel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib25","series-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents","first-page":"247","article-title":"ECT for self-injurious behavior","author":"Wachtel","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2085-y","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of interventions used to treat catatonic symptoms in people with autistic spectrum disorders","volume":"44","author":"DeJong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.03.012","article-title":"Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in autistic catatonia: a case series review","volume":"34","author":"Wachtel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.12.1337","article-title":"Continuation electroconvulsive therapy vs pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in major depression: a multisite study from the Consortium for Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy (CORE)","volume":"63","author":"Kellner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib29","first-page":"189","article-title":"Continuation ECT: relapse prevention in affective disorders","volume":"10","author":"Petrides","year":"1994","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.2.203","article-title":"1,250 electroconvulsive treatments without evidence of brain injury","volume":"147","author":"Lippman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib31","first-page":"96","article-title":"Neuropathologic examination after 91 ECT treatments in a 92-year-old woman with late-onset depression","volume":"23","author":"Scalia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.7.929","article-title":"Absence of cognitive impairment after more than 100 lifetime ECT treatments","volume":"148","author":"Devanand","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib33","first-page":"171","article-title":"Successful maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for more than seven years","volume":"21","author":"Wijkstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib34","first-page":"274","article-title":"Long-term weekly continuation electroconvulsive therapy: a case-series","volume":"23","author":"Zisselman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.11.013","article-title":"Stability of neuropsychological testing during two years of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in an autistic man","volume":"35","author":"Wachtel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.012","article-title":"Stability of neuropsychological testing during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"47","author":"Wachtel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib37","first-page":"151","article-title":"Challenges of electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in youth with intellectual disabilities: another tomato effect?","volume":"28","author":"Wachtel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72015-8","article-title":"Psychological approaches to chronic catatonia-like deterioration in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"72","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.984","article-title":"\"Scared stiff\": catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response","volume":"111","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01779.x","article-title":"The role of deprivation, abuse, and trauma in pediatric catatonia without a clear medical cause","volume":"125","author":"Dhossche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib41","first-page":"103","article-title":"Catatonia: the ultimate yet treatable motor reaction to fear in autism","volume":"1","author":"Dhossche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhossche D. Autonomic dysfunction in catatonia in autism: implications of a vagal theory. Autism 2012;2:e114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2165-7890.1000e114.","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7890.1000e114"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.004","article-title":"Social engagement and attachment: a phylogenetic perspective","volume":"1008","author":"Porges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499318306588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056499318306588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T22:47:30Z","timestamp":1761000450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056499318306588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056499318306588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-4993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-4993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electroconvulsive Treatment for Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2018.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}