{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:22:20Z","timestamp":1790803340269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2603,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry & Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,24]],"date-time":"2006-06-24T07:27:14Z","timestamp":1151134034000},"page":"575-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Genetic Characterization of the Chlorothricin Gene Cluster as a Model for Spirotetronate Antibiotic Biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xin-Ying","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Hua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Dong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun-Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong-Li","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Metabolic products of microorganisms. Chlorothricin and deschlorothricin","volume":"52","author":"Keller-Schierlein","year":"1969","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.34.1101","article-title":"Kijanimicin (Sch 25663), a novel antibiotic product by Actinomadura kijaniata SCC 1256","volume":"34","author":"Waltz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib3","first-page":"668","article-title":"Novel antitumor antibiotics, tetrocarcins","volume":"36","author":"Tomita","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib4","first-page":"207","article-title":"New cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors MC-031 (O-demethylchlorothricin), -032 (O-demethylhydroxychlorothricin), -033 and -034","volume":"44","author":"Kawashima","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03158.x","article-title":"Mode of action of the macrolide-type antibiotic, chlorothricin, kinetic study of the inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus","volume":"39","author":"Schindler","year":"1973","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.35.1033","article-title":"Tetrocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. III. Antitumor activity of tetrocarcin A","volume":"35","author":"Morimoto","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0020fje","article-title":"Stressful death of T-ALL tumor cell after treatment with the antitumor agent tetrocarcin A","volume":"16","author":"Tinhofer","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4561","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2501","article-title":"Tetrocarcin A-induced ER stress mediate apoptosis in B-CLL cells via a Bcl-2-independent pathway","volume":"101","author":"Anether","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)00094-4","article-title":"Synthesis of tetrocarcin derivatives with specific inhibitory activity towards Bcl-2 functions","volume":"11","author":"Kaneko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19720550627","article-title":"Metabolic products of microorganisms. 107. Structure of chlorothricin, a new macrolide antibiotic","volume":"55","author":"Muntwyler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19720550628","article-title":"Metabolic products of microorganisms. 108. Crystal structure analysis of chlorothricolide methyl ester","volume":"55","author":"Brufani","year":"1974","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00093a065","article-title":"Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-chlorothricolide","volume":"116","author":"Roush","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.1021\/ja980611f","article-title":"Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-chlorothricolide via the tandem inter-and intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a hexaenoate intermediate","volume":"120","author":"Roush","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00596a029","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic chlorothricin: basic building blocks","volume":"17","author":"Holzbach","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00507a042","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic chlorothricin","volume":"20","author":"Mascaretti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.39.1123","article-title":"Further studies on the biosynthesis of chlorothricin","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib17","series-title":"Biotechnology of Antibiotics","first-page":"81","article-title":"Molecular biology, biochemistry, and fermentation of aminoglycoside antibiotics","author":"Piepersberg","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib18","first-page":"183","article-title":"Cloning, sequencing and expression of dNDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase gene from Streptomyces antibioticus T\u00fc99, a producer of chlorothricin","volume":"29","author":"Sohng","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib19","first-page":"206","article-title":"Expression of orf7 (oxiIII) as dNDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratse gene cloned from Streptomyces antibioticus T\u00fc99 and biochemical characteristics of expressed protein","volume":"9","author":"Yoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135339","article-title":"Formation of unusual sugars: mechanistic studies and biosynthetic applications","volume":"71","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1039\/a804431g","article-title":"Genes and enzymes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis in bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Trefzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380000372","article-title":"The mtmVUC genes of the mithramycin gene cluster in Streptomyces argillaceus are involved in the biosynthesis of the sugar moieties","volume":"264","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib23","first-page":"21","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the antitumor chromomycin A3 in Streptomyces griseus: analysis of the gene cluster and rational design of novel chromomycin analogs","volume":"11","author":"Menendez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00029-6","article-title":"The NDP-sugar co-substrate concentration and the enzyme expression level influence the substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases: cloning and characterization of deoxysugar biosynthetic genes of the urdamycin biosynthetic gene cluster","volume":"7","author":"Hoffmeister","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13398.x","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a gene cluster from Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 probably involved in landomycin biosynthesis","volume":"15","author":"Westrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48146-X_1","article-title":"Biosynthesis of aromatic polyketide","volume":"209","author":"Shen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(03)00020-6","article-title":"Polyketide biosynthesis beyond the type I, II and III polyketide synthase paradigms","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2004.12.013","article-title":"The neocarzinostatin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces carzinostaticus ATCC 15944 involving two iterative type I polyketide synthases","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.20.6271-6278.1997","article-title":"Cloning of an avilamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes T\u00fc57","volume":"179","author":"Gaiser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072105","article-title":"The calicheamicin gene cluster and its iterative type I enediyne PKS","volume":"297","author":"Aherlt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092697199","article-title":"The biosynthetic gene cluster of the maytansinoid antitumor agent ansamitocin from Actnosynnema pretiosum","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00171-2","article-title":"The FK520 gene cluster of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus (ATCC 14891) contains genes for biosynthesis of unusual polyketide extender units","volume":"251","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0124764","article-title":"Identification of set of genes involved in the formation of the substrate for the incorporation of the unusual \u201cglycolate\u201d chain extension unit in ansamitocin biosynthesis","volume":"124","author":"Carroll","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2004.08.018","article-title":"bryA: An unusual modular polyketide synthase gene from the uncultivated bacterial symbiont of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina","volume":"11","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1039\/a909079g","article-title":"Polyketide biosynthesis: a millennium review","volume":"18","author":"Staunton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2174\/1385272802666220128214243","article-title":"Diels-Alder type natural products-structures and biosynthesis","volume":"2","author":"Ichihara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib37","first-page":"367","article-title":"The Diels-Alder reaction in biosynthesis of polyketide phytotoxin","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Ichihara","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00040-5","article-title":"Enzymatic activity and partial purification of solanapyrone synthase: first enzyme catalyzing Diels-Alder reaction","volume":"1384","author":"Katayama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11519","DOI":"10.1021\/ja003216+","article-title":"Lovastatin nonaketide synthase catalyzes an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a substrate analogue","volume":"122","author":"Auclair","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01454","article-title":"Insight into a natural Diels-Alder reaction from the structure of macrophomate synthase","volume":"422","author":"Ose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1039\/B305068H","article-title":"Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products","volume":"21","author":"Oikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib42","series-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib43","series-title":"Practical Streptomyces Genetics","author":"Kieser","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.2.382-392.2000","article-title":"Genes for production of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027 in Streptomyces globisporus are clustered with the cagA gene that encodes the C-1027 apoprotein","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."}],"container-title":["Chemistry & Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552106001219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552106001219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T07:07:23Z","timestamp":1761030443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074552106001219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074552106001219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-5521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-5521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic Characterization of the Chlorothricin Gene Cluster as a Model for Spirotetronate Antibiotic Biosynthesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemistry & Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}