{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:15:29Z","timestamp":1791198929256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,2]],"date-time":"2005-12-02T07:24:58Z","timestamp":1133508298000},"page":"1261-1272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Seasonal variation of air pollution index: Hong Kong case study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Xie-Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Zhen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automated Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Adaptation of older individuals repeatedly exposed to 0.45 ppm ozone for two hours","volume":"39","author":"Bedi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(85)90014-5","article-title":"Highway motor vehicles as sources of atmospheric particles: Projected Trends 1977 to 2000","volume":"11","author":"Black","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib4","series-title":"Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control","author":"Box","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib5","series-title":"Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control","author":"Box","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1465-9972(99)00017-3","article-title":"A global inventory of carbon monoxide emissions from motor vehicles","volume":"1","author":"Bradley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere: Global Change Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib7","article-title":"SO2, NO and NO2 Oxidation Mechanism","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Calvert","year":"1984"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00510-7","article-title":"Primary particle formation from vehicle emissions during exhaust dilution in the roadside atmosphere","volume":"37","author":"Charron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(67)90013-8","article-title":"Carbon monoxide: analysis of exhaust gas investigation in Paris","volume":"1","author":"Chovin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9709023","article-title":"Ozone-induced inflammation is attenuated with multiday exposure","volume":"158","author":"Christian","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/isaf.214","article-title":"Index forecasting and model selection","volume":"11","author":"Christian","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib12","series-title":"Quantification of the Health Effects of Air Pollution in the United Kingdom Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution","author":"Department of Health","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.15.050194.000543","article-title":"Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution","volume":"15","author":"Dockery","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annual Revision Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib14","series-title":"Time Series: forecasting, simulation, applications","author":"Gareth","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.1.82","article-title":"Adaptation to short-term respiratory effects of ozone in men exposed repeatedly","volume":"43","author":"Hackney","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00014-3","article-title":"Assessing health effects of air pollution","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib17","article-title":"Global Atmospheric Chemical Change, Environmental Management Series","author":"Hewitt","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib18","unstructured":"Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 1999\u20132003. Air Quality in Hong Kong, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib19","first-page":"496","article-title":"Adaptation to ozone: duration of effect","volume":"123","author":"Horvath","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4149(74)90024-6","article-title":"A random measure model for the emission of pollutants by vehicles on a highway","volume":"2","author":"Jacobs","year":"1974","journal-title":"Stochastic Processes and their Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(96)05201-1","article-title":"Emissions from light and medium goods vehicle in Denmark","volume":"189\/190","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90239-9","article-title":"On-road vehicle emissions: US studies","volume":"146\/147","author":"Kenneth","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2607(79)90003-7","article-title":"Motor vehicle emissions and fuel consumption modeling","volume":"13","author":"Kent","year":"1979","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib24","first-page":"27","article-title":"Motor vehicle air pollution control in Sweden","volume":"146\u2013147","author":"Larsolov","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00078-8","article-title":"A preliminary study of ozone trend and its impact on environment in Hong Kong","volume":"28","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:12(1146)","article-title":"Prediction of pollutant levels in Causeway Bay area in Hong Kong using an improved neural network model","volume":"128","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(02)00623-9","article-title":"Application of evolutionary neural network method in predicting pollutant levels in downtown area of Hong Kong","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroComputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024819309108","article-title":"Using Improved Neural Network Model to Analyze RSP, NOx and NO2 Levels in Urban Air in Mong Kok, Hong Kong","volume":"87","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2003.10.028","article-title":"Interaction patterns of major air pollutants in Hong Kong territory","volume":"324","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.11.003","article-title":"Potential assessment of a neural network model with PCA\/RBF approach for forecasting pollutant trends in Mong Kok urban air, Hong Kong","volume":"96","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.10.032","article-title":"Potential assessment of the \u201csupport vector machine\u201d method in forecasting ambient air pollutant trends","volume":"59","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib32","unstructured":"Ostro, B., 1994. Estimating health effects of air pollution: a method with an application to Jakarta, Working Paper 1301, Policy Research Department, World Bank, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.4.821","article-title":"Effects of an ambient air pollution intervention and environmental tobacco smoke on children\u2019s respiratory health in Hong Kong","volume":"25","author":"Peters","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.669","article-title":"Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of US adults","volume":"151","author":"Pope","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.8.482","article-title":"Excess mortality in England and Wales, and in Greater London, during the 1995 heatwave","volume":"52","author":"Rooney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.2307\/1913828","article-title":"Information criteria for discriminating among alternative regression models","volume":"46","author":"Sawa","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(03)00118-2","article-title":"Impact of sulfur-in-gasoline on motor vehicle emissions in the metropolitan area of Mexico City","volume":"82","author":"Schifter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00358-1","article-title":"A fuel-based inventory of motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the Los Angeles area during summer 1997","volume":"34","author":"Singer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-131X(199705)16:3<147::AID-FOR652>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"ARMA models and the Box\u2013Jenkins methodology","volume":"16","author":"Spyros","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Forecasting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.11.011","article-title":"The predicted number of air pollution related deaths in the UK during the August 2003 heatwave","volume":"38","author":"Stedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib41","unstructured":"Transport Department, 1994\u20132000. Annual transport digest 1994, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib42","unstructured":"USEPA, 1991a. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Draft 1991 Transportation Air Quality Planning Guidelines."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib43","unstructured":"USEPA, 1991b. United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Policy and Emissions Trends Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00013-8","article-title":"Prediction of maximum daily ozone level using combined neural network and statistical characteristics","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(03)00476-4","article-title":"A study of ozone variation trend within area of affecting human health in Hong Kong","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib46","unstructured":"WHO, 1987. Nitrogen Dioxide? Air quality guidelines for Europe, WHO Regional publications, European series No. 23, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 297\u2013314."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(87)90430-X","article-title":"The impact of motor vehicles on air pollutant emissions and air quality in the UK? An overview","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00306-4","article-title":"Toxicity and health effects of vehicle emissions in Shanghai","volume":"34","author":"Ye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653505012245?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653505012245?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T17:40:45Z","timestamp":1554745245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653505012245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0045653505012245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}