{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:23:02Z","timestamp":1791627782837,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013334","name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013334","name":"CRC CARE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korean government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2015R1A6A1A03031413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015R1A6A1A03031413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T23:15:45Z","timestamp":1478301345000},"page":"944-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":762,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Saranya","family":"Kuppusamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palanisami","family":"Thavamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadiyala","family":"Venkateswarlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallavarapu","family":"Megharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-053X(94)90017-5","article-title":"Incineration at Bayou Bounfouca remediation project","volume":"14","author":"Acharya","year":"1994","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05243","article-title":"Screening nonionic surfactants for enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remaining in soil after conventional biological treatment","volume":"50","author":"Adrion","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.063","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of HMW PAHs in the roots of wild blackberry from the Bor region (Serbia): phytoremediation and biomonitoring aspects","volume":"562","author":"Alagi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Tot. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380490434119","article-title":"Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated waste using composting approaches","volume":"34","author":"Antizar-Ladislao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib5","series-title":"Soil Contamination, Risk Assessment and Remediation. Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination","first-page":"2","author":"Ashraf","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2004.01554.x","article-title":"Co-composting of PAH-contaminated soil with poultry manure","volume":"39","author":"Atagana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib7","series-title":"International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies, Orlando, Florida, US","first-page":"14","article-title":"Completion of in situ thermal remediation of PAHs, PCP and dioxins at a former wood treatment facility","author":"Baker","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(98)00020-7","article-title":"Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil: microbiological methods for feasibility assessment and field evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Balba","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1276","article-title":"Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"80","author":"Bamforth","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.142","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution and health risk from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, oxygenated-PAHs and azaarenes) in street dust from a major West African Metropolis","volume":"553","author":"Bandowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Tot. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.10.032","article-title":"Desorption kinetics of PAHs from aged industrial soils for availability assessment","volume":"470","author":"Barnier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Tot. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.08.027","article-title":"Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote contaminated soil","volume":"144","author":"Bezza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Distribution, composition profiles and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soil of Delhi, India","volume":"2","author":"Bhupander","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00490-3","article-title":"Inclusion of vegetable oils in Fenton's chemistry for remediation of PAH-contaminated soils","volume":"50","author":"Bogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(99)00144-3","article-title":"Factors limiting bioremediation technologies","volume":"74","author":"Boopathy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.05.004","article-title":"Engineering microbial consortia: a new frontier in synthetic biology","volume":"26","author":"Brenner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trend. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7930","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6049-y","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: bioaugmentation of autochthonous bacteria and toxicological assessment of the bioremediation process by means of Vicia faba L","volume":"23","author":"Castiglione","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib18","series-title":"Canadian soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health: Carcinogenic and Other PAHs. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines","first-page":"1","author":"CCME","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.01.043","article-title":"Experimental increase in availability of a PAH complex organic contamination from an aged contaminated soil: consequences on biodegradation","volume":"177","author":"C\u00e9bron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(02)00279-1","article-title":"Effects of earthworm casts and compost on soil microbial activity and plant nutrient availability","volume":"35","author":"Chaoui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.01.011","article-title":"Generation and distribution of PAHs in the process of medical waste incineration","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.09.001","article-title":"Hydroxyl radicals based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for remediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds: a review","volume":"284","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01774.x","article-title":"Microbial surfactants and their use in field studies of soil remediation","volume":"93","author":"Christofi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.10.006","article-title":"Soil remediation: humic acids as natural surfactants in the washings of highly contaminated soils","volume":"135","author":"Conte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(02)00048-1","article-title":"Hot water extraction with in situ wet oxidation: PAHs removal from soil","volume":"93","author":"Dadkhah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201500199","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil\u2013practical options for remediation","volume":"44","author":"de Boer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clean. Soil Air Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5576-2","article-title":"Biodegradation of benzo (a) pyrene by two freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus acutus: a comparative study useful for bioremediation","volume":"23","author":"de Llasera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-016-2939-3","article-title":"Performance of simulated bioremediation in real samples of soils contaminated with PAHs","volume":"227","author":"de Souza Pohren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.01.008","article-title":"Production of recombinant proteins by microbes and higher organisms","volume":"27","author":"Demain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotech. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2007.03.001","article-title":"Biodegradation combined with ozone for the remediation of contaminated soils","volume":"43","author":"Derudi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.06.021","article-title":"Slurry phase bioremediation of PAHs in industrial landfill samples at laboratory scale","volume":"28","author":"Di Gennaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.01.022","article-title":"Predicting bioremediation of hydrocarbons: laboratory to field scale","volume":"157","author":"Diplock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib33","series-title":"Circular on Target Values and Intervention Values for Soil Remediation. Annexes Circular on Target Values and Intervention Values for Soil Remediation, Dutch Target and Intervention Values, Dutch","first-page":"1","author":"DTIV","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-1024-6","article-title":"Biotechnology and bioremediation: successes and limitations","volume":"59","author":"Dua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing long-term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils: a risk-based approach","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib36","series-title":"Who Will Do the Cleanup?, Canadian Labor Requirement for Remediation and Reclamation of Contaminated Sites","first-page":"20","author":"Eco Canada","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib37","first-page":"1","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Ekperusi","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-011-0232-0","article-title":"Levels, distribution and source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoils and roadside soils in Esbjerg, Denmark","volume":"86","author":"Essumang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.07.118","article-title":"Remediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"172","author":"Gan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.07.035","article-title":"Dissolution and removal of PAHs from a contaminated soil using sunflower oil","volume":"58","author":"Gong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.01.037","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal from contaminated soils using fatty acid methyl esters","volume":"79","author":"Gong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.04.078","article-title":"Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from manufactured gas plant-contaminated soils using sunflower oil: laboratory column experiments","volume":"62","author":"Gong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(99)00002-3","article-title":"Bioremediation of phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote contaminated soil using ex-situ land treatment","volume":"65","author":"Guerin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1065\/espr199910.004","article-title":"The differential removal of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil during bioremediation","volume":"7","author":"Guerin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.12.033","article-title":"Integrated treatment of PAH contaminated soil by soil washing, ozonation and biological treatment","volume":"136","author":"Haapea","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.09.046","article-title":"Extended bioremediation of PAH\/PCP contaminated soils from the POPILE wood treatment facility","volume":"54","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.03.137","article-title":"Biodegradation aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review","volume":"169","author":"Haritash","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib48","series-title":"In Situ Thermal Desorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lampblack Impacted Soils Using Natural Gas Combustion","first-page":"1","author":"Hosseini","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-005-0892-8","article-title":"Pilot study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils of Guiyang city, People's Republic of China","volume":"76","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2003.09.031","article-title":"A\u00a0multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils","volume":"130","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2003.12.018","article-title":"Responses of three grass species to creosote during phytoremediation","volume":"130","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.093","article-title":"Simultaneous removal of PAHs and metal contaminants from water using magnetic nanoparticle adsorbents","volume":"571","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Tot. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2012.03.013","article-title":"Remediation of PAHs contaminated soil by extraction using subcritical water","volume":"18","author":"Islam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.10.068","article-title":"Integration of electrokinetics and chemical oxidation for the remediation of creosote-contaminated clay","volume":"144","author":"Isosaari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.01.027","article-title":"Levels, composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Shanghai, China","volume":"75","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7472","DOI":"10.1021\/es070404s","article-title":"Predicting PAH bioaccumulation and toxicity in earthworms exposed to manufactured gas plant soils with solid-phase microextraction","volume":"41","author":"Jonker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(00)00052-4","article-title":"Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene","volume":"45","author":"Juhasz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.8.2059-2067.2000","article-title":"Biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria","volume":"182","author":"Kanaly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3589-1","article-title":"Accumulation and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals in tropical urban soils","volume":"186","author":"Khillare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(00)00286-7","article-title":"Removal of PAHs from highly contaminated soils found at prior manufactured gas operations","volume":"80","author":"Khodadoust","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/15320380701623206","article-title":"Iron (II) activated persulfate oxidation of MGP contaminated soil","volume":"16","author":"Killian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Sediment. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-004-0058-y","article-title":"The effects of cyanobacterial exudates on bacterial growth and biodegradation of organic contaminants","volume":"51","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"In-situ remediation approaches for the management of contaminated sites: a comprehensive overview","volume":"236","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib64","first-page":"117","article-title":"Ex-Situ remediation technologies for environmental pollutants: a critical perspective","volume":"236","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.12.068","article-title":"Kinetics of PAH degradation by a new acid-metal-tolerant Trabulsiella isolated from the MGP site soil and identification of its potential to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorous","volume":"307","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2016.04.006","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading, pH tolerant, N-fixing and P-solubilizing novel bacteria from manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.07.052","article-title":"Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation potential of a new acid tolerant, diazotrophic P-solubilizing and heavy metal resistant bacterium Cupriavidus sp. MTS-7 isolated from long-term mixed contaminated soil","volume":"162","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2015.04.001","article-title":"Bioremediation potential of natural polyphenol rich green wastes: a review of current research and recommendations for future directions","volume":"4","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2015.12.013","article-title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by novel bacterial consortia tolerant to diverse physical settings \u2013 assessments in liquid-and slurry-phase systems","volume":"108","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-015-2709-7","article-title":"Bioaugmentation with novel microbial formula vs. natural attenuation of a long-term mixed contaminated soil\u2014treatability studies in solid-and slurry-phase microcosms","volume":"227","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.066","article-title":"Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in soils contaminated long-term with PAHs and heavy metals: implications to bioremediation","volume":"317","author":"Kuppusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00115-4","article-title":"Use of solvents to enhance PAH biodegradation of coal tar","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib73","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Oxidant selection to treat an aged PAH contaminated soil by in situ chemical oxidation","volume":"1","author":"Lemaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2007.02.004","article-title":"Bioavailability modification and fungal biodegradation of PAHs in aged industrial soils","volume":"60","author":"Leonardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.04.040","article-title":"Biodegradation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microbial consortia in soil and slurry phases","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib76","series-title":"MGP Soil Remediation in a Slurry-phase System: a Pilot-scale Test","first-page":"1","author":"Liu","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib77","series-title":"Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals","first-page":"3","author":"Loganathan","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.04.031","article-title":"Transformation of PAHs during ethanol-Fenton treatment of an aged gasworks' soil","volume":"65","author":"Lundstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.11.065","article-title":"The effects of aging time on the fraction distribution and bioavailability of PAH","volume":"86","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1995.1108","article-title":"Earthworm and food interactions on bioaccumulation and disappearance in soil of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: studies on phenanthrene and fluoranthene","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2011.568549","article-title":"Transgenic plants for phytoremediation","volume":"13","author":"Maestri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4660(200008)75:8<657::AID-JCTB263>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation of metals and organics from historically contaminated soil","volume":"75","author":"Maini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Tech. Biot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib83","series-title":"Biodiversity: Perception, Peril and Preservation","first-page":"532","author":"Maiti","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005236016074","article-title":"An analysis of soil and plant (Taraxacum officinale) contamination with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the area of the railway junction Ilawa Glowna, Poland","volume":"127","author":"Malawska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-008-9965-8","article-title":"Degradation kinetics of an aged hydrocarbon-contaminated soil","volume":"202","author":"Maletic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3303-3","article-title":"The levels and composition of persistent organic pollutants in alluvial agriculture soils affected by flooding","volume":"185","author":"Maliszewska-Kordybach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2007.05.012","article-title":"Bioremediation of an aged hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by a combined system of biostimulation\u2013bioaugmentation with filamentous fungi","volume":"61","author":"Mancera-Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib88","series-title":"Manufactured Gas Plant Sites Cleaning up the Mess","first-page":"3","author":"Marilyn","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.06.003","article-title":"Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: a critical perspective","volume":"37","author":"Megharaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-010-0319-y","article-title":"Phytoremediation efficiency of a PAH-contaminated industrial soil using ryegrass, white clover, and celery as mono-and mixed cultures","volume":"11","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Soil Sediment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/10889868.2015.1124064","article-title":"Bioremediation of soil contaminated with native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from unburnt coal using an in-vessel composting method","volume":"20","author":"Mizwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioremed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-006-0004-1","article-title":"Bioremediation technologies for treatment of PAH-contaminated soil and strategies to enhance process efficiency","volume":"5","author":"Mohan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.06.020","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation by composting in a soot-contaminated alkaline soil","volume":"126","author":"Moretto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2012.741307","article-title":"Soil washing\/flushing treatments of organic pollutants enhanced by cyclodextrins and integrated treatments: state of the art","volume":"44","author":"Mousset","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.06.001","article-title":"Multi-compartmental environmental surveillance of a petrochemical area: levels of micropollutants","volume":"35","author":"Nadal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.04.003","article-title":"Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County","volume":"132","author":"Nadal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spain. Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00051-0","article-title":"Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by biodegradation combined with a modified Fenton reaction","volume":"45","author":"Nam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib98","series-title":"Guideline on Investigation Levels for Soil and Groundwater. NEPM Assessment of Site Contamination: Schedule B 1","first-page":"4","author":"NEPM","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib99","series-title":"MODULE 4 Tier 1 Soil Acceptance Criteria, Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand","first-page":"3","author":"NZME","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biodegradation of PAHs in \u2018Pristine\u2019 soils from different climatic regions","author":"Okere","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bioremed. Biodegr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-013-9618-5","article-title":"Long-term assessment of natural attenuation: statistical approach on soils with aged PAH contamination","volume":"24","author":"Ouvrard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1476","article-title":"Treatment of PAH-contaminated soil by combination of Fenton's reaction and biodegradation","volume":"81","author":"Palmroth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/16226510490454803","article-title":"Effectiveness of phytoremediation as a secondary treatment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in composted soil","volume":"6","author":"Parrish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.11.003","article-title":"Accumulation of weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by plant and earthworm species","volume":"64","author":"Parrish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.11.055","article-title":"Decontamination of soils containing PAHs by electroremediation: a review","volume":"177","author":"Pazos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib106","series-title":"Phytoremediation","first-page":"61","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation as a strategy for addressing the complexity of pollution","author":"Petruzzelli","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1081\/ESE-100106243","article-title":"Landfarming in a PAH-contaminated soil","volume":"36","author":"Picado","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci. Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/15320389709383563","article-title":"Bioremediation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by using different aerobic batch bioreactor systems","volume":"6","author":"Pinelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soil Sediment. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib109","first-page":"327","article-title":"Bioelectrochemical and conventional bioremediation of environmental pollutants","volume":"8","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Microb. Biochem. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib110","series-title":"Pilot-scale Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated Soils. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals","first-page":"759","author":"Pradhan","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2005.09.043","article-title":"Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of contaminated manufactured gas plant soil","volume":"85","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.08.003","article-title":"The effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) on decrease of PAH content in long term contaminated soil","volume":"70","author":"Rezek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.07.048","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorbed on soils: a short review of chemical oxidation based treatments","volume":"138","author":"Rivas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-004-5295-9","article-title":"Phytoremediation of heavy metal and PAH-contaminated brownfield sites","volume":"272","author":"Roy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib115","series-title":"Labor Market Study of Hazardous Waste Workers and Associated Emergency Responders","first-page":"2","author":"Ruttenberg","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.020","article-title":"Bioavailability assessment and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biostimulated creosote-contaminated soil","volume":"63","author":"Sabate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(02)01943-1","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: environmental pollution and bioremediation","volume":"20","author":"Samanta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trend. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-2037-y","article-title":"Compost-mediated removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil","volume":"44","author":"Sasek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.04.068","article-title":"Effective treatment of PAH contaminated Superfund site soil with the peroxy-acid process","volume":"146","author":"Scott Alderman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib120","first-page":"728","article-title":"Enhanced biodegradation of PAHs by microbial consortium with different amendment and their fate in in-situ condition","volume":"181","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0177","article-title":"Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and leaves from high-altitude mountains in southwestern China","volume":"43","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-008-9171-7","article-title":"Converting wasteland into wonderland by earthworms - a low-cost nature's technology for soil remediation: a case study of vermiremediation of PAHs contaminated soil","volume":"28","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmentalist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016583929723","article-title":"Vermiculture and waste management: study of action of earthworms Elsinia foetida, Eudrilus euginae and Perionyx excavatus on biodegradation of some community wastes in India and Australia","volume":"22","author":"Sinha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmentalist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.08.061","article-title":"Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on germination and subsequent growth of grasses and legumes in freshly contaminated soil and soil with aged PAHs residues","volume":"141","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.01.013","article-title":"Earthworm responses to Cd and Cu under fluctuating environmental conditions: a comparison with results from laboratory exposures","volume":"136","author":"Spurgeon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02941846","article-title":"A\u00a0field-scale demonstration of a novel bioremediation process for MGP sites","volume":"45","author":"Srivastava","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/abio.200390025","article-title":"Remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through landfarming with biostimulation and bioaugmentation","volume":"23","author":"Straube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03401.x","article-title":"Microbe aliphatic hydrocarbon interactions in soil: implications for biodegradation and bioremediation","volume":"102","author":"Stroud","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.07.009","article-title":"Consortia of cyanobacteria\/microalgae and bacteria: biotechnological potential","volume":"29","author":"Subashchandrabose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-011-0382-z","article-title":"In situ phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil by intercropping alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and associated soil microbial activity","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Soil Sediment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.09.037","article-title":"Uptake and translocation of benzo [a] pyrene (B [a] P) in two ornamental plants and dissipation in soil","volume":"124","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210921","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of three terrestrial invertebrate tests to polycyclic aromatic compounds","volume":"21","author":"Sverdrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.10.037","article-title":"Evaluating factors that influence microbial phenanthrene biodegradation rates by regression with categorical variables","volume":"59","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00344-1","article-title":"Bioremediation of coal tar PAH in soils using biodiesel","volume":"44","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.126","article-title":"Influence of Rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alfalfa in an aged contaminated soil","volume":"186","author":"Teng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib136","first-page":"10","article-title":"Microbial activity and diversity in long-term mixed contaminated soils with respect to polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals","volume":"99","author":"Thavamani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-012-9572-7","article-title":"Bioremediation of high molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons co-contaminated with metals in liquid and soil slurries by metal tolerant PAHs degrading bacterial consortium","volume":"23","author":"Thavamani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib138","series-title":"International Symposium and Trade Fair on the Cleanup of Manufactured Gas Plants, Prague, Czech Republic","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Australian and New Zealand approach to manufactured gas plants (MGP) - assessments, regulation and remediation","author":"Thomas","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.10.025","article-title":"PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources","volume":"162","author":"Tobiszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1748-0132(06)70048-2","article-title":"Nanotechnologies for environmental cleanup","volume":"1","author":"Tratnyek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib141","series-title":"A\u00a0Resource for MGP Site Characterization and Remediation (Microform): Expedited Site Characterization and Source Remediation at Former Manufactured Gas Plant Sites","first-page":"2","author":"US EPA","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib142","series-title":"Brownfields Technology Primer: Selecting and Using Phytoremediation for Site Cleanup","first-page":"1","author":"US EPA","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5369-7","article-title":"Effect of thermal pre-treatment on the availability of PAHs for successive chemical oxidation in contaminated soils","volume":"23","author":"Usman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.01.001","article-title":"Application of magnetite-activated persulfate oxidation for the degradation of PAHs in contaminated soils","volume":"87","author":"Usman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2009.01.011","article-title":"Transgenic plants for enhanced phytoremediation of toxic explosives","volume":"20","author":"Van Aken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.08.002","article-title":"Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged-contaminated soil using cyclodextrins: experimental study","volume":"140","author":"Viglianti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib147","series-title":"Assessment Levels for Soil, Sediment and Water","first-page":"9","author":"WADEP","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.06.033","article-title":"Characterization of parent and oxygenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xi'an, China during heating period: an investigation of spatial distribution and transformation","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.08.128","article-title":"Bioremediation of diesel and lubricant oil-contaminated soils using enhanced land farming system","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2010.481597","article-title":"Contaminants at former manufactured gas plants: sources, properties, and processes","volume":"41","author":"Wehrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2007.07.007","article-title":"Global patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil","volume":"141","author":"Wilcke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(95)91052-M","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment: a preliminary source inventory and budget","volume":"88","author":"Wild","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(93)90206-4","article-title":"Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review","volume":"81","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib154","series-title":"Remediation Engineering of Contaminated Soils","first-page":"357","author":"Wise","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.10.013","article-title":"Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) oxidation by fungal laccase in the remediation of an aged contaminated soil","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.11.078","article-title":"Application of vegetable oils in the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils","volume":"177","author":"Yap","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.01.026","article-title":"Fenton based remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils","volume":"83","author":"Yap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.08.031","article-title":"Distributions and concentrations of PAHs in Hong Kong soils","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(12)60030-7","article-title":"Soil contamination due to e-waste disposal and recycling activities: a review with special focus on China","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.10.050","article-title":"Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653516315065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653516315065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T17:20:52Z","timestamp":1572628852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653516315065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":160,"alternative-id":["S0045653516315065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}