{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:57:05Z","timestamp":1791907025396,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Plan of the Spanish Government","award":["CGL2012-39623-C02-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2012-39623-C02-2"]}]},{"name":"PRISMA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T23:34:19Z","timestamp":1519774459000},"page":"243-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Galindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Yubero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Varea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.12.046","article-title":"Seasonal trends, chemical speciation and source apportionment of fine PM in Tehran","volume":"153","author":"Arhami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.06.041","article-title":"Long-range transport of Saharan dust and chemical transformations over the Eastern Mediterranean","volume":"140","author":"Athanasopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.06.014","article-title":"Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Edmonton, Canada: source apportionment and potential risk for human health","volume":"218","author":"Bari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-3479-2012","article-title":"Evidence for heavy fuel oil combustion aerosols from chemical analyses at the island of Lampedusa: a possible large role of ships emissions in the Mediterranean","volume":"12","author":"Becagli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.09.011","article-title":"Case study: inorganic pollutants associated with particulate matter from an area near a petrochemical plant","volume":"99","author":"Bosco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.11.009","article-title":"PM10 source apportionment applying PMF and chemical tracer analysis to ship-borne measurements in the Western Mediterranean","volume":"125","author":"Bove","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.10.008","article-title":"UK concentrations of chromium and chromium (VI), measured as water-soluble chromium, in PM10","volume":"99","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib8","article-title":"Sources and fluxes of atmospheric trace elements to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red sea","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802105405","article-title":"Effects of metals within ambient air particulate matter (PM) on human health","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/02786821003758294","article-title":"Emissions of particulate trace elements, metals and organic species from gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel passenger vehicles and their relation to oxidative potential","volume":"44","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aerosol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2017.07.031","article-title":"Comparison of PIXE and XRF analysis of airborne particulate matter samples collected on Teflon and quartz fibre filters","volume":"417","author":"Chiari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.05.009","article-title":"A\u00a0literature review of concentrations and size distributions of ambient airborne Pb-containing particulate matter","volume":"45","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.159","article-title":"Implementing constrained multi-time approach with bootstrap analysis in ME-2: an application to PM2.5 data from Florence (Italy)","volume":"541","author":"Crespi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.01.016","article-title":"Study of Saharan dust influence on PM10 measures in Sicily from 2013 to 2015","volume":"76","author":"Cuspilici","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.06.016","article-title":"Evolution of air pollution source contributions over one decade, derived by PM10 and PM2.5 source apportionment in two metropolitan urban areas in Greece","volume":"164","author":"Diapouli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-11","article-title":"Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)","volume":"11","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeolia.2013.02.003","article-title":"Assessing sources of airborne mineral dust and other aerosols, in Iraq","volume":"9","author":"Engelbrecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aeolian Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib18","series-title":"European Union Emission Inventory Report 1990\u20132014 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)","author":"EEA","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2013.02.009","article-title":"Seasonal and interannual trends in PM levels and associated inorganic ions in southeastern Spain","volume":"110","author":"Galindo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7836-1","article-title":"Day-night variability of water-soluble ions in PM10 samples collected at a traffic site in southeastern Spain","volume":"24","author":"Galindo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.108","article-title":"Regional and long-range transport of aerosols at Mt. Aitana, Southeastern Spain","volume":"584\u2013585","author":"Galindo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701858427","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","volume":"20","author":"Gottipolu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3696-8","article-title":"Brake wear particle emissions: a review","volume":"22","author":"Grigoratos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3109\/10408440903300080","article-title":"Health effects of concentrated ambient air particulate matter (CAPs) and its components","volume":"39","author":"Lippmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.01.007","article-title":"Levels of selected metals in ambient air PM10 in an urban site of Zaragoza (Spain)","volume":"99","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.03.009","article-title":"Suburban air quality: human health hazard assessment of potentially toxic elements in PM10","volume":"177","author":"Megido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00175-X","article-title":"Biomonitoring of airborne metals in urban environments: new tracers of vehicle emission, in place of lead","volume":"107","author":"Monaci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.064","article-title":"Saharan dust impact in central Italy: an overview on three years elemental data records","volume":"60","author":"Nava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.09.018","article-title":"Quantification of Saharan and local dust impact in an arid Mediterranean area by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique","volume":"42","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1039\/B813042F","article-title":"Characterization of events by aerosol mass size distributions","volume":"11","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2010.00510.x","article-title":"Assessment of potential source regions of PM2.5 components at a southwestern Mediterranean site","volume":"63","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tellus B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.07.042","article-title":"PM1 variability and transport conditions between an urban coastal \u00e1rea and a high mountain site during the cold season","volume":"118","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1139\/a01-012","article-title":"An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide","volume":"9","author":"Pacyna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.11.094","article-title":"Spatial distribution and potential sources of trace elements in PM10 monitored in urban and rural sites of Piedmont Region","volume":"145","author":"Padoan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028","article-title":"Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review","volume":"77","author":"Pant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.02.046","article-title":"Carbonaceous and ionic compositional patterns of fine particles over an urban Mediterranean area","volume":"424","author":"Pateraki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.03.009","article-title":"Manganese exposure and cognitive deficits: a growing concern for manganese neurotoxicity","volume":"34","author":"Roels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.022","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro tests to assess toxic effects of airborne PM10 samples. Correlation with metals and chlorinated dioxins and furans","volume":"443","author":"Roig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.04.034","article-title":"PM10 size distribution of metals and environmental-sanitary risk analysis in the city of Torino","volume":"112","author":"Romanazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2011.03.010","article-title":"Contribution of point sources to trace metal levels in urban areas surrounded by industrial activities in the Cantabria Region (Northern Spain)","volume":"4","author":"Ruiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.04.026","article-title":"Evaluation of the changes in the Madrid metropolitan area influencing air quality: analysis of 1999\u20132008 temporal trend of particulate matter","volume":"57","author":"Salvador","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.11.061","article-title":"Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated heavy metals in the roadside environment","volume":"59","author":"Samara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.08.020","article-title":"Main components and human health risks assessment of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in two areas influenced by cement plants","volume":"120","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Sober\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00166-8","article-title":"Size distribution and diurnal characteristics of particle-bound metals in source and receptor sites of the Los Angeles Basin","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.06.002","article-title":"Factors, origin and sources affecting PM1 concentrations and composition at an urban background site","volume":"180","author":"Squizzato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-014-0308-1","article-title":"Identification of sources of atmospheric particulate matter and trace metals in Constantoine, Algeria","volume":"9","author":"Terrouche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007","article-title":"Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review","volume":"400","author":"Thorpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib48","first-page":"133","article-title":"Heavy metals toxicity and the environment","volume":"101","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"EXS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib49","series-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment)","author":"US EPA","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib50","series-title":"Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) Summary Table\u00a0(TR=1E-06, HQ=1)","author":"US EPA","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib51","first-page":"11836","article-title":"Characterization of PM2.5 chemical composition at the Demokritos suburban station","volume":"vol. 24","author":"Vasilatou","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib52","series-title":"Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution \u2013 REVIHAAP Project","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2016.12.0569","article-title":"Effects of seasonality and transport route on chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 in the east Asian Pacific rim regi\u00f3n","volume":"17","author":"Yeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4599-z","article-title":"Temporal variations of PM1 major components in an urban street canyon","volume":"22","author":"Yubero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653518303746?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653518303746?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T09:41:03Z","timestamp":1758620463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653518303746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0045653518303746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}