{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:37:31Z","timestamp":1791974251278,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001358","name":"Singapore National Environment Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M4061617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M4061617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T22:28:20Z","timestamp":1550701700000},"page":"85-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds and airborne phthalates in Singapore's Child Care Centers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Shenglan","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Sankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sze Tat","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooi Ming","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona Alikiiteaga","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Wei-Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ching","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.059","article-title":"Exposure to house dust phthalates in relation to asthma and allergies in both children and adults","volume":"485\u2013486","author":"Ait Bamai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s67","article-title":"How are children different from adults?","volume":"103","author":"Bearer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2010.00684.x","article-title":"Organophosphate and phthalate esters in air and settled dust\u2013a multi-location indoor study","volume":"21","author":"Bergh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7809","article-title":"Phthalates in indoor dust and their association with building characteristics","volume":"113","author":"Bornehag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.12.010","article-title":"Indoor phthalate concentration in residential apartments in Chongqing, China: implications for preschool children's exposure and risk assessment","volume":"127","author":"Bu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.07.020","article-title":"Residential exposure to volatile organic compounds and lung function: results from a population-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"194","author":"Cakmak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib7","series-title":"Occurrence, Human Exposure and Dynamics of Phthalates in Acmv Indoor Environments: Method Development and Field Studies","first-page":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib8","series-title":"Systemic Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds and Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Their Effects","author":"Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement","volume":"30","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110606354","article-title":"Health risk assessment of ambient air concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) in service station environments","volume":"11","author":"Edokpolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib11","series-title":"Human Health Risk Assessment","author":"EPA","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib12","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final Report)","author":"EPA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib13","series-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality","author":"EPA","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.09.006","article-title":"Phthalates in German daycare centers: occurrence in air and dust and the excretion of their metabolites by children (LUPE 3)","volume":"61","author":"Fromme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1021\/es501189t","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and risk assessment in California child care facilities","volume":"48","author":"Gaspar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00724-0","article-title":"Source characterization of BTEX in indoor microenvironments in Hong Kong","volume":"37","author":"Guo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib17","series-title":"Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers Version 1.1","author":"Health","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12340","article-title":"VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments","volume":"27","author":"Hoang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108475","article-title":"Children's exposure assessment: a review of factors influencing Children's exposure, and the data available to characterize and assess that exposure","volume":"108","author":"Hubal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib20","first-page":"23","article-title":"Using probabilistic risk analysis to improve risk management","volume":"43","author":"Jablonowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590956506","article-title":"Human monitoring of phthalates and risk assessment","volume":"68","author":"Jung Koo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0225-5","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A are associated with atopic dermatitis symptoms in children: a time-series analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1021\/es000192y","article-title":"Concentrations and sources of VOCs in urban domestic and public microenvironments","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2008.04.015","article-title":"Evaluation of impact factors on VOC emissions and concentrations from wooden flooring based on chamber tests","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11171","DOI":"10.1021\/es301088a","article-title":"Rapid methods to estimate potential exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in the indoor environment","volume":"46","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12139","article-title":"The effect of ventilation on indoor exposure to semivolatile organic compounds","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib27","series-title":"Indoor Air Quality: a Comprehensive Reference Book","author":"Maroni","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PS9","DOI":"10.4104\/pcrj.2013.00010","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds and risk of asthma and allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies","volume":"22","author":"Nurmatov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim. Care Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00000714","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds and risk of asthma and allergy: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Nurmatov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib30","author":"OEHHA","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib31","series-title":"Proposition 65 No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) for Carcinogens and Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs) for Chemicals Causing Reproductive Toxicity","author":"OEHHA","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.105","article-title":"Women's exposure to phthalates in relation to use of personal care products","volume":"23","author":"Parlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2306\/scienceasia1513-1874.2005.31.103","article-title":"Modeling of the BTX species based on an emission inventory of sources at the Map Ta Phut industrial estate in Thailand","volume":"31","author":"Pimpisut","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.005","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds and particulate matter in child care facilities in the District of Columbia: results from a pilot study","volume":"146","author":"Quir\u00f3s-Alcal\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1039\/b709947a","article-title":"Phthalate levels in Norwegian indoor air related to particle size fraction","volume":"9","author":"Rakkestad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.06.009","article-title":"Assessment of indoor environment in Paris child day care centers","volume":"111","author":"Roda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00245002","article-title":"Domestic exposure to formaldehyde significantly increases the risk of asthma in young children","volume":"20","author":"Rumchev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.013680","article-title":"Association of domestic exposure to volatile organic compounds with asthma in young children","volume":"59","author":"Rumchev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib39","first-page":"451","article-title":"Identifying critical windows of exposure for children's health","volume":"108","author":"Selevan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib40","series-title":"Number, Capacity and Enrolment in Child Care Centres, Annual","author":"SINGSTAT","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.07.001","article-title":"Indoor air quality in Montreal area day-care centres, Canada","volume":"118","author":"St-Jean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039609383660","article-title":"Going beyond the single number: using probabilistic risk assessment to improve risk management","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.09.032","article-title":"The effect of phthalate exposure and filaggrin gene variants on atopic dermatitis","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2012.00772.x","article-title":"SVOC exposure indoors: fresh look at dermal pathways","volume":"22","author":"Weschler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05982","article-title":"Particle\/gas partitioning of phthalates to organic and inorganic airborne particles in the indoor environment","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2007.00480.x","article-title":"The effect of ventilation strategies of child care centers on indoor air quality and respiratory health of children in Singapore","volume":"17","author":"Zuraimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1021\/es0714033","article-title":"Effects of child care center ventilation strategies on volatile organic compounds of indoor and outdoor origins","volume":"42","author":"Zuraimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519303443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519303443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:01:56Z","timestamp":1758621716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653519303443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0045653519303443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds and airborne phthalates in Singapore's Child Care Centers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.120","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}