{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:37:15Z","timestamp":1778755035712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T05:28:12Z","timestamp":1555997292000},"page":"390-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanistic insights on immobilization and decontamination of hexavalent chromium onto nano MgS\/FeS doped cellulose nanofibres"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalini","family":"Sankararamakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil","family":"Shankhwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1039\/DT9740001525","article-title":"X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of iron-oxygen systems","volume":"0","author":"Allen","year":"1974","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib2","author":"Anon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib3","series-title":"National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Chromium","author":"USEPA","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.1995.1088","article-title":"Acidic properties of sulfated zirconia: an infrared spectroscopic study","volume":"152","author":"Babou","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.10.051","article-title":"Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni","volume":"257","author":"Biesinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9332","DOI":"10.1021\/es2021704","article-title":"Advanced oxidation process based on the Cr (III)\/Cr (VI) redox cycle","volume":"45","author":"Bokare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.1303","article-title":"XPS study of the reaction of chromium (VI) with mackinawite (FeS)","volume":"24","author":"Boursiquot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib8","series-title":"Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard; EPSPRC GB 8978","author":"PRC","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54694","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA11172A","article-title":"Facile synthesis of smart biopolymeric nanofibers towards toxic ion removal and disinfection control","volume":"4","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20017-9","article-title":"Chromium removal from aqueous solution by a PEI-silica nanocomposite","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.06.015","article-title":"A\u00a0kinetic study of Cr(VI) reduction by calcium polysulfide","volume":"409","author":"Chrysochoou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1320845","article-title":"Characterization of the natural barriers of intergranular tunnel junctions: Cr2O3 surface layers on CrO2 nanoparticles","volume":"77","author":"Dai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(00)00443-8","volume":"165","author":"Descostes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2012.05.008","article-title":"Influence of size, morphology, surface structure, and aggregation state on reductive dissolution of Hematite nanoparticles with ascorbic acid","volume":"90","author":"Echigo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1021\/es404418a","article-title":"Immobilization of mercury by carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticles: reaction mechanisms and effects of stabilizer and water chemistry","volume":"48","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.063","article-title":"Application of iron sulfide particles for groundwater and soil remediation: a review","volume":"89","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2012.01.006","article-title":"Oxidative dissolution of pyrite surfaces by hexavalent chromium: surface site saturation and surface renewal","volume":"83","author":"Graham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib18","series-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1021\/es048743y","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-9592(98)00112-5","article-title":"Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200701694","article-title":"Controlled synthesis and chemical conversions of FeO. nanoparticles","volume":"119","author":"Hou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1021\/es203786p","article-title":"Uranium(VI) reduction by Iron (II) monosulfide mackinawite","volume":"46","author":"Hyun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib23","first-page":"361","article-title":"Generalized acid neutralization capacity test","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Isenburg","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2343\/geochemj.41.397","article-title":"Kinetic study of hexavalent Cr(VI) reduction by hydrogen sulfide through goethite surface catalytic reaction","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1435","article-title":"Structure and compatibility of a magnesium electrolyte with a sulphur cathode","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.010","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of amorphous FeS2, induced Cr (VI) reduction","volume":"320","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.060","article-title":"Remediation of hexavalent chromium spiked soil by using synthesized iron sulfide particles","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.02.082","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon-based iron-containing adsorbents for enhanced Cr(VI) removal: mechanism study","volume":"189\u2013190","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2015.12.014","article-title":"Influence of alloyed magnesium on the microstructure and long-term corrosion behavior of hot-dip Al\u2013Zn\u2013Si coating in NaCl solution","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1021\/es052057x","article-title":"Removal of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewaters by natural clino-pyrrhotite","volume":"40","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.058","article-title":"Removal of sulfide hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by a novel biochar supported nanoscale ironsulfidecomposite","volume":"322","author":"Lyu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1039\/C1JM15018A","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of cellulose-based nanofibers for nanoparticle extraction from an aqueous environment","volume":"22","author":"Mahanta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mater. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1039\/b005372o","article-title":"Reactivity of pyrrhotite (Fe9S10) surfaces: spectroscopic studies","volume":"2","author":"Mikhlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2004.06.013","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium from solutions by mackinawite, tetragonal FeS","volume":"244","author":"Mullet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Colloid. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41423","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41423","article-title":"Ultrafiltration membrane for effective removal of chromium ions from potable water","volume":"7","author":"Muthumareeswaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(97)00072-4","article-title":"Infra-red spectroscopic study of lignins","volume":"60","author":"Nada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(99)00178-2","article-title":"Treatment of an industrial effluent by reverse osmosis","volume":"126","author":"Padilla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1021\/es960836v","article-title":"Reduction of hexavalent chromium by amorphous iron sulphide","volume":"31","author":"Patterson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90300-X","article-title":"X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation","volume":"8","author":"Pratt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2006.02.029","article-title":"Solubility of FeS","volume":"70","author":"Rickard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0392-4","article-title":"Photocatalytic activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract","volume":"5","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib42","first-page":"802","article-title":"Enhanced arsenic removal at neutral pH using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes","author":"Sankararamakrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.09.053","article-title":"Magnetic Fe3O4-FeB nanocomposites with promoted Cr(VI) removal performance","volume":"285","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.04.041","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by D301, D314 and D354 anion-exchange resins","volume":"161","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1021\/es902091w","article-title":"Competition between disordered iron sulfide and natural organic matter associated thiols for mercury (II)-an EXAFS study","volume":"44","author":"Skyllberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25724","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA27710H","article-title":"Removal of bisphenol A by iron nanoparticle-doped magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)81466-4","article-title":"Pyrite formation by reactions of iron monosulfides with dissolved inorganic and organic sulfur species","volume":"60","author":"Wilkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2005.03.003","article-title":"Arsenic mobility in the ambient sulfidic environment: sorption of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) onto disordered mackinawite","volume":"69","author":"Wolthers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.03.023","article-title":"Reactivity enhancement of iron sulfide nanoparticles stabilized by sodium alginate: taking Cr (VI) removal as an example","volume":"333","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.08.018","article-title":"Immobilization of mercury in sediment using stabilized iron sulfidenanoparticles","volume":"43","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions in oxide materials","volume":"254","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1021\/sc500092z","article-title":"A\u00a0new carbon\/ferrous sulfide\/iron composite prepared by an insitu carbonization reduction method from hemp (cannabis sativa L.) stems and its Cr(VI) removal ability","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13131","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra42770f","article-title":"Environmentally friendly chromium electrodeposition: effect of pre-electrolysis on a Cr (III) bath in an anion-exchange membrane reactor","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6955","DOI":"10.1021\/es800962m","article-title":"Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution with Fe@Fe2O3 core-shell nanowires","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31090","article-title":"Fabrication of unique magnetic bio nanocomposite for highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from water","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.11.021","article-title":"Cao Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions","volume":"152","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.04.104","article-title":"Development of polymeric iron\/zirconium- pillared clinoptilolite for simultaneous removal of multiple inorganic contaminants from wastewater","volume":"347","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519308264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519308264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:09:05Z","timestamp":1758622145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653519308264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0045653519308264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanistic insights on immobilization and decontamination of hexavalent chromium onto nano MgS\/FeS doped cellulose nanofibres","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}