{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1791546225652,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005993","name":"National Council for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant","award":["UCEIV-EA4492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCEIV-EA4492"]}]},{"name":"IMPacts de l\u2019Environnement Chimique sur la Sant\u00e9","award":["IMPECS- EA4483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPECS- EA4483"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010095","name":"Hauts-de-France Region Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004792","name":"French Ministry of Higher Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T17:16:06Z","timestamp":1574442966000},"page":"125440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toxicity of fine and quasi-ultrafine particles: Focus on the effects of organic extractable and non-extractable matter fractions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Ghidaa","family":"Badran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Verdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Roumie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Genevray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Landkocz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Lo Guidice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gar\u00e7on","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Courcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-017-0697-0","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in airborne particulate matter: sources, analysis and toxicity","volume":"16","author":"Abbas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.01.052","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro evaluation of organic extractable matter from ambient PM2.5 using human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response, genotoxicity, and cell cycle deregulation","volume":"171","author":"Abbas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.04.028","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs and oxygenated PAHs in ambient air of the Marseilles area (South of France): concentrations and sources","volume":"384","author":"Albinet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-2468-1","article-title":"Cytotoxic response in human lung epithelial cells and ion characteristics of urban-air particles from Torino, a northern Italian city","volume":"21","author":"Alessandria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib5","series-title":"Presented at the IPI-EGE University International Symposium on \u201cSoil Management and Potash Fertilizer Use in the West Asia and North Africa Region\u201d","first-page":"22","article-title":"Content of different forms of potassium in Lebanese soils","author":"Al-Zubaidi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib6","article-title":"Insight into the DNA repair mechanism operating during cell cycle checkpoints in eukaryotic cells","volume":"21","author":"Asimuddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.02.028","article-title":"Comparison of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in three urban areas in Lebanon","volume":"179","author":"Baalbaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13111054","article-title":"Ultrafine particle metrics and research considerations: review of the 2015 UFP workshop","volume":"13","author":"Baldauf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00667-7","article-title":"Determination and comparison of nitrated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured in air and diesel particulate reference materials","volume":"50","author":"Bamford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0305-5","article-title":"Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice","volume":"16","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib11","first-page":"101","article-title":"Stability of organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter and its relation with textural properties","volume":"10","author":"Billet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.04.044","article-title":"Genotoxic potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-coated onto airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in human lung epithelial A549 cells","volume":"270","author":"Billet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.04.022","article-title":"Chemical characterization of fine and ultrafine PM, direct and indirect genotoxicity of PM and their organic extracts on pulmonary cells","volume":"71","author":"Billet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.05.027","article-title":"Comparison between ultrafine and fine particulate matter collected in Lebanon: chemical characterization, in\u00a0vitro cytotoxic effects and metabolizing enzymes gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"205","author":"Borgie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.06.001","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of PM2.5-0.3 and PM0.3 and consequence of a dust storm episode at an urban site in Lebanon","volume":"180","author":"Borgie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.11.008","article-title":"Development of a repeated exposure protocol of human bronchial epithelium in\u00a0vitro to study the long-term effects of atmospheric particles","volume":"27","author":"Boublil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. In\u00a0Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.5.10.2799","article-title":"The loss of gamma H2AX signal is a marker of DNA double strand breaks repair only at low levels of DNA damage","volume":"5","author":"Bouquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-018-0257-1","article-title":"Lipophilic components of diesel exhaust particles induce pro-inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells through AhR dependent pathway(s). Part","volume":"15","author":"Brinchmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2017.1420504","article-title":"Ultrafine particulate matter exposure impairs vasorelaxant response in superoxide dismutase 2-deficient murine aortic rings","volume":"81","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802105405","article-title":"Effects of metals within ambient air particulate matter (PM) on human health","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.033","article-title":"n-Alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in total suspended particulates from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: concentrations, seasonal variations, and sources","volume":"470\u2013471","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2013.10.003","article-title":"PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 chemical composition and source apportionment near a Hong Kong roadway","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1124224","article-title":"Autophagy is essential for ultrafine particle-induced inflammation and mucus hyperproduction in airway epithelium","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2006.07.001","article-title":"Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: a review of recent studies","volume":"613","author":"de Kok","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1021\/tx200529v","article-title":"Prooxidant and proinflammatory potency of air pollution particulate matter (PM2.50.3) produced in rural, urban, or industrial surroundings in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B)","volume":"25","author":"Dergham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.12.015","article-title":"Temporal\u2013spatial variations of the physicochemical characteristics of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5-0.3) and toxicological effects in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B)","volume":"137","author":"Dergham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7943495","article-title":"Antioxidant functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","author":"Dietrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int. 2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112805","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo comparative study on acute and sub-acute biological effects induced by ultrafine particles of different anthropogenic sources in BALB\/c mice","volume":"20","author":"Farina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib29","first-page":"571","article-title":"Health effects of metals in particulate matter. Chapter. IntechOpen","volume":"25","author":"Fortoul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Air Qual. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01830-08","article-title":"H2AX is required for cell cycle arrest via the p53\/p21 pathway","volume":"29","author":"Fragkos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.01.005","article-title":"Effect of Fe2O3 on the capacity of benzo(a)pyrene to induce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzymes in the respiratory tract of Sprague\u2013Dawley rats","volume":"150","author":"Gar\u00e7on","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.979","article-title":"In\ufb02uence of iron (56Fe2O3 or 54Fe2O3) in the upregulation of cytochrome P4501A1 by benzo[a]pyrene in the respiratory tract of Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"24","author":"Gar\u00e7on","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/089583799197258","article-title":"Metals associated with both the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of an ambient air pollution particle catalyze an oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Ghio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.10.016","article-title":"Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative tracer for brake dust at a major road","volume":"44","author":"Gietl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.09.013","article-title":"Differences in cytotoxicity versus pro-inflammatory potency of different PM fractions in human epithelial lung cells","volume":"24","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. In\u00a0Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.011","article-title":"Airborne urban particles (Milan winter-PM2.5) cause mitotic arrest and cell death: effects on DNA, mitochondria, AhR binding and spindle organization","volume":"713","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.05.130","article-title":"Is it the time to study air pollution effects under environmental conditions? A case study to support the shift of in\u00a0vitro toxicology from the bench to the field","volume":"207","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib38","first-page":"17","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib39","series-title":"Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques. Guide m\u00e9thodologique. Acquisition des donn\u00e9es d\u2019entr\u00e9e des mod\u00e8les analytiques ou num\u00e9riques de trasnfert dans les sols et les eaux souterraines. Rapport d\u2019\u00e9tude n\u00b0 66244-DESP-R01","first-page":"99p","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.039","article-title":"Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter","volume":"60","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015970023889","article-title":"Soluble metals as well as the insoluble particle fraction are involved in cellular DNA damage induced by particulate matter","volume":"234\u2013235","author":"Knaapen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.04.011","article-title":"Differential effects of mercury, lead and copper on the constitutive and inducible expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-regulated genes in cultured hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cells","volume":"201","author":"Korashy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi282","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms modulating the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene by heavy metals","volume":"88","author":"Korashy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benzo(a)Pyrene equivalency and source identification of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from yamuna river","volume":"0","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polycycl. Aromat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.08.059","article-title":"Differential responses of healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM4","volume":"218","author":"Leclercq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.03.029","article-title":"Particulate metal bioaccessibility in physiological fluids and cell culture media: toxicological perspectives","volume":"156","author":"Leclercq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.06.028","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5","volume":"230","author":"Leclercq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-63","article-title":"Cell cycle alterations induced by urban PM2.5 in bronchial epithelial cells: characterization of the process and possible mechanisms involved","volume":"10","author":"Longhin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.05.015","article-title":"Physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles","volume":"215","author":"Longhin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70487-X","article-title":"The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution","volume":"14","author":"Loomis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv034","article-title":"The effects on bronchial epithelial mucociliary cultures of coarse, fine, and ultrafine particulate matter from an underground railway station","volume":"145","author":"Loxham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051496","article-title":"Particulate sulfate levels at a rural site in Israel","volume":"8","author":"Luria","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.05.019","article-title":"Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an eastern mediterranean city","volume":"101","author":"Massoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18782","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9389-3","article-title":"Physicochemical characteristics, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of airborne particles under industrial and rural influences in Northern Lebanon","volume":"24","author":"Melki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2300(92)90009-X","article-title":"Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"16","author":"Nisbet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. RTP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.04.003","article-title":"Organic extracts of urban air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells)","volume":"723","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1021\/tx010022e","article-title":"Air pollution particles mediated oxidative DNA base damage in a cell free system and in human airway epithelial cells in relation to particulate metal content and bioreactivity","volume":"14","author":"Prahalad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.08.031","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cross-talks with multiple signal transduction pathways","volume":"77","author":"Puga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.01.041","article-title":"European aerosol phenomenology-2: chemical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe","volume":"38","author":"Putaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010","article-title":"Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation","volume":"42","author":"Ravindra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40539","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent regulation of pulmonary miRNA by chronic cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"7","author":"Rogers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib61","first-page":"51","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by diesel exhaust particles: gene expression profiling and early toxic responses","volume":"166","author":"Rynning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.11.016","article-title":"Gene expression induction of volatile organic compound and\/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzymes in isolated human alveolar macrophages in response to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5)","volume":"244","author":"Saint-Georges","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.02.016","article-title":"Role of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity in multiple critical regions of 3p chromosome in human epithelial lung cells (L132)","volume":"187","author":"Saint-Georges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP424","article-title":"Nanomaterials versus ambient ultrafine particles: an opportunity to exchange toxicology knowledge","volume":"125","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.10.025","article-title":"PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources","volume":"162","author":"Tobiszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-41","article-title":"Diesel exhaust particles induce CYP1A1 and pro-inflammatory responses via differential pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Totlandsdal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib78","series-title":"Formation, classification and land evaluation of soils in Mediterranean areas, with special reference to the southern Lebanon","first-page":"129","author":"Verheye","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.12.058","article-title":"An atmospheric emission inventory of anthropogenic and biogenic sources for Lebanon","volume":"50","author":"Waked","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib69","series-title":"Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration. International Human Resources Development Corporation","first-page":"232p","author":"Waples","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00038-2","article-title":"The composition of the continental crust","volume":"59","author":"Wedepohl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib71","first-page":"113p","article-title":"World health organization. Selected Nitro- and Nitro-oxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"229","author":"WHO","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental health criteria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib72","series-title":"World Health Organization","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.123","article-title":"Cellular responses of normal (HL-7702) and cancerous (HepG2) hepatic cells to dust extract exposure","volume":"193","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1700123","article-title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and its toxicity to human bronchial cells BEAS-2B in the winter and summer","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201600169","article-title":"1,8-Naphthalimide derivative dyes targeting live cell mitochondria with large Stokes shift","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chembiochem Eur. J. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.951814","article-title":"p53-Dependent apoptosis induced in human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells by PM2.5 sampled from air in Guangzhou, China","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519326803?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653519326803?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T21:45:01Z","timestamp":1734126301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653519326803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0045653519326803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toxicity of fine and quasi-ultrafine particles: Focus on the effects of organic extractable and non-extractable matter fractions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125440","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125440"}}