{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:13:46Z","timestamp":1787224426181,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010041","name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T10:11:40Z","timestamp":1601892700000},"page":"128525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Effect of fine structure of chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation of bentonite and humic acid: Evaluation and modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Moxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaili","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2010.10.030","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and comparison of PAM, cationic PDMC and P(AM-co-DMC) based on solution polymerization","volume":"17","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.02.024","article-title":"Design of amphoteric chitosan flocculants for phosphate and turbidity removal in wastewater","volume":"189","author":"Agbovi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33978","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3340-0","article-title":"Performance of full-scale coagulation-flocculation\/DAF as a pre-treatment technology for biodegradability enhancement of high strength wastepaper-recycling wastewater","volume":"25","author":"Ansari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.03.012","article-title":"Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment","volume":"41","author":"Bolto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-018-0160-3","article-title":"Removal of textile dyes in wastewater using polyelectrolytes containing tetrazole groups","volume":"35","author":"Caldera-Villalobos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kor. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(03)00051-1","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of O-carboxymethyl chitosans related to the preparation conditions","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.05.006","article-title":"Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by coagulation\/electrochemical methods: proposals for disposal and\/or reuse of treated water","volume":"101","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.076","article-title":"Preparation of a graft modified flocculant based on chitosan by ultrasonic initiation and its synergistic effect with kaolin for the improvement of acid blue 83 (AB 83) removal","volume":"150","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.475","article-title":"Better understanding the polymerization kinetics of ultrasonic-template method and new insight on sludge floc characteristics research","volume":"689","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.028","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan as natural flocculants for beer clarification","volume":"166","author":"Gassara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Food Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.03.002","article-title":"Detection of acrylamide using a biodegradable zein-based sensor with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"68","author":"Gezer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Contr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1080\/01496390600742807","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the use of chitosan for the removal of particulate and dissolved contaminants","volume":"41","author":"Guibal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Separ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.138","article-title":"Synthesis of polyaluminium chloride\/papermaking sludge-based organic polymer composites for removal of disperse yellow and reactive blue by flocculation","volume":"231","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.048","article-title":"Evaluation of molecular weight, chain architectures and charge densities of various lignin-based flocculants for dye wastewater treatment","volume":"215","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.09.033","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of multi-active site grafting starch copolymer initiated by KMnO4 and HIO4\/H2SO4 systems","volume":"117","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2016.05.009","article-title":"Sulfomethylated kraft lignin as a flocculant for cationic dye","volume":"503","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloid. Surface. Physicochem. Eng. Aspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124866","article-title":"Evaluation of the structural factors for the flocculation performance of a co-graft cationic starch-based flocculant","volume":"240","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.04.009","article-title":"Preparation of dual-function starch-based flocculants for the simultaneous removal of turbidity and inhibition of Escherichia coli in water","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.103483","article-title":"Colour removal from biologically treated landfill leachate with tannin-based coagulant","volume":"7","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1021\/es048854x","article-title":"Breakage, regrowth, and fractal mature of natural organic matter flocs","volume":"39","author":"Jarvis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2014.04.010","article-title":"A\u00a0review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1021\/ie503606y","article-title":"Flocculation of both kaolin and hematite suspensions using the starch-based flocculants and their floc properties","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121641","article-title":"Treatment of potato starch wastewater by dual natural flocculants of chitosan and poly-glutamic acid","volume":"264","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.07.034","article-title":"Effects of esterification on the structural, physicochemical, and flocculation properties of dextran","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.02.147","article-title":"Fabricating an enhanced sterilization chitosan-based flocculants: synthesis, characterization, evaluation of sterilization and flocculation","volume":"319","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.05.035","article-title":"Synthesis, flocculation and adsorption performance of amphoteric starch","volume":"90","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27400E","article-title":"Formation of cationic hydrophobic micro-blocks in P(AM-DMC) by template assembly: characterization and application in sludge dewatering","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.04.022","article-title":"Flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose from Phyllostachys heterocycla: an efficient and eco-friendly flocculant","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.032","article-title":"Evaluation of structural effects on the flocculation performance of a co-graft starch-based flocculant","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.03.047","article-title":"A\u00a0novel acrylamide-free flocculant and its application for sludge dewatering","volume":"57","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.07.033","article-title":"Efficiency of chitosans for the treatment of papermaking process water by dissolved air flotation","volume":"231","author":"Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.24238","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a novel terpolymer and the effect of its amphoteric property on the sludge flocculation","volume":"56","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2008.03.011","article-title":"Combination of template polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: strategy for synthesis of specifically structural polymers","volume":"49","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-017-1240-4","article-title":"Modification of guar gum through grafting of acrylamide with potassium bromate\/thiourea redox initiating system","volume":"18","author":"Sand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.02.010","article-title":"Plasma-initiated polymerization of chitosan-based CS-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) flocculant for the enhanced flocculation of low-algal-turbidity water","volume":"164","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-009-9488-8","article-title":"Flocculation of microalgae using cationic starch","volume":"22","author":"Vandamme","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2020.008","article-title":"Purification of real car wash wastewater with complex coagulation\/flocculation methods using polyaluminum chloride, polyelectrolyte, clay mineral and cationic surfactant","volume":"80","author":"Vereb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib38","article-title":"Fabrication of bifunctional chitosan-based flocculants: characterization, assessment of flocculation, and sterilization performance","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.055","article-title":"Evaluation of chain architectures and charge properties of various starch-based flocculants for flocculation of humic acid from water","volume":"96","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2014.916221","article-title":"Structure and properties of sodium lignosulfonate with different molecular weight used as dye dispersant","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dispersion Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.02.068","article-title":"A\u00a0review on chitosan-based flocculants and their applications in water treatment","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6867","DOI":"10.1021\/es500415v","article-title":"Flocculation of Escherichia coli using a quaternary ammonium salt grafted carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2013.08.004","article-title":"Flocculation kinetics and floc characteristics of dye wastewater by polyferric chloride\u2013poly-epichlorohydrin\u2013dimethylamine composite flocculant","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.04.021","article-title":"Evaluation of the structural morphology of starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) on its scale-inhibition efficiency","volume":"141","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2013.07.064","article-title":"Chitosan application for treatment of beni-amrane\u2019s water dam","volume":"36","author":"Zemmouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.06.015","article-title":"Efficient removal of both cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using a novel amphoteric straw-based adsorbent","volume":"90","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.07.096","article-title":"Nitrogen-doped chitosan-Fe(III) composite as a dual-functional material for synergistically enhanced co-removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) based on adsorption and redox","volume":"306","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004565352032720X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004565352032720X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:25:14Z","timestamp":1758626714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004565352032720X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S004565352032720X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of fine structure of chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation of bentonite and humic acid: Evaluation and modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128525","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128525"}}