{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:52:06Z","timestamp":1793947926621,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T05:29:03Z","timestamp":1621920543000},"page":"130986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding the mechanisms of biological struvite biomineralisation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Yirong","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Thermodynamics and solution chemistry of struvite","volume":"85","author":"Ali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Indian Inst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst7110345","article-title":"Biomineralization mediated by ureolytic bacteria applied to water treatment: a review","volume":"7","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05457","article-title":"Evidence of giant sulphur bacteria in Neoproterozoic phosphorites","volume":"445","author":"Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.09.056","article-title":"Thermal decomposition of struvite and its phase transition","volume":"70","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2008.002","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery from wastewater through struvite formation in fluidized bed reactors: a sustainable approach","volume":"57","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1306\/111302730485","article-title":"Bacterially induced mineralization of calcium carbonate in terrestrial environments: the role of exopolysaccharides and amino acids","volume":"73","author":"Braissant","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sediment. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00224-6","article-title":"Effect of culture conditions on the formation of struvite by Myxococcus xanthus","volume":"40","author":"Da Silva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib8","article-title":"Crystallization by particle attachment in synthetic, biogenic, and geologic environments","volume":"80\u2013","author":"De Yoreo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4343(00)00022-4","article-title":"Microbial biofilms in intertidal systems: an overview","volume":"20","author":"Decho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Continent. Shelf Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00126-4","article-title":"Struvite formation, control and recovery","volume":"36","author":"Doyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib11","series-title":"Natural Yeast \u2013 the Nutritious Basis for Yeast Extract","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib12","series-title":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","first-page":"95","article-title":"Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria","author":"Frankel","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib13","series-title":"International Conference on Nutrient Recovery from Wastewater Streams","first-page":"69","article-title":"A review of struvite nucleation studies","author":"Galbraith","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib14","series-title":"Lake Taihu, China: Dynamics and Environmental Change","first-page":"197","article-title":"Physiological and ecological characteristics of blue-Green algae in Lake Taihu","author":"Gao","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.02.010","article-title":"Ca-Mg kutnahorite and struvite production by Idiomarina strains at modern seawater salinities","volume":"72","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1144\/SP336.3","article-title":"Bacterial biomineralization: new insights from Myxococcus-induced mineral precipitation","volume":"336","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05679.x","article-title":"The occurrence of biogenic calcian struvite, (Mg,Ca)NH4PO4.6H2O, as intracellular crystals in Paramecium","volume":"44","author":"Grover","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib18","series-title":"Visual MINTEQ","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02567.x","article-title":"Phosphate removal from the returned liquor of municipal wastewater treatment plant using iron-reducing bacteria","volume":"98","author":"Ivanov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332208618193","article-title":"Refixation of phosphates released during bio-p sludge handling as struvite or aluminium phosphate","volume":"22","author":"Jardin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib21","series-title":"Medical Microbiology","article-title":"Bacterial metabolism","author":"Jurtshuk","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2005.06.012","article-title":"Impact of calcium on struvite crystal size, shape and purity","volume":"283","author":"Le Corre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125799","article-title":"Understanding the biochemical characteristics of struvite bio-mineralising microorganisms and their future in nutrient recovery","volume":"247","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib24","series-title":"Microbial Fuel Cells","article-title":"Kinetics and mass transfer","author":"Logan","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib25","series-title":"Structural and Functional Relationships in Prokaryotes","first-page":"292","article-title":"Cellular growth and reproduction","author":"Logan","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib26","series-title":"Biomineralization\u00a0: Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry","author":"Mann","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.02.019","article-title":"Synthesis of struvite by ion exchange isothermal supersaturation technique","volume":"60","author":"Mijangos","year":"2004","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib28","series-title":"Struvite [WWW Document]","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2016.1262463","article-title":"When are bacteria dead? A step towards interpreting flow cytometry profiles after chlorine disinfection and membrane integrity staining","volume":"38","author":"Nocker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)10014-5","article-title":"Struvite crystallization on Myxococcus cells","volume":"36","author":"Omar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2009.00212.x","article-title":"Experimental silicification of the extremophilic Archaea Pyrococcus abyssi and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii: applications in the search for evidence of life in early Earth and extraterrestrial rocks","volume":"7","author":"Orange","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-012-0501-3","article-title":"Unique surface and internal structure of struvite crystals formed by Proteus mirabilis","volume":"40","author":"Prywer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib33","series-title":"Growth and Coarsening: Ostwald Ripening in Material Processing","author":"Ratke","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.201400080","article-title":"Morphology of struvite crystals as an evidence of bacteria mediated growth","volume":"49","author":"Sadowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryst. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(96)00053-8","article-title":"Mineralization of bacterial surfaces","volume":"132","author":"Schultze-Lam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.102918","article-title":"Engineering of struvite crystals by regulating supersaturation - correlation with phosphorus recovery, crystal morphology and process efficiency","author":"Shaddel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib37","series-title":"A New Route to Recover Phosphorus from Waste Water: Biological Struvite Production School","author":"Simoes","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding the growth of the bio-struvite production Brevibacterium antiquum in sludge liquors","author":"Simoes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.01.039","article-title":"Microbial mineralization of struvite: a promising process to overcome phosphate sequestering crisis","volume":"54","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsec.2004.10.012","article-title":"Formation of insoluble magnesium phosphates during growth of the archaea Halorubrum distributum and Halobacterium salinarium and the bacterium Brevibacterium antiquum","volume":"52","author":"Smirnov","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib41","first-page":"994","article-title":"Bio-Struvite: a new route to recover phosphorus from wastewater","volume":"42","author":"Soares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clean"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074898","article-title":"Fine structure of the male reproductive system and reproductive behavior of Lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies (Diptera: psychodidae: Phlebotominae)","volume":"8","author":"Spiegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib43","series-title":"Microbial Ecology: Organisms, Habitats, Activities","author":"Stolp","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.12.004","article-title":"Struvite formation and decomposition characteristics for ammonia and phosphorus recovery: a review of magnesium-ammonia-phosphate interactions","volume":"194","author":"Tansel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib45","series-title":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of biomineralization processes and the problem of the vital effect","author":"Weiner","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib46","first-page":"437","article-title":"The nature of fossil bacteria: a guide to the search for extraterrestrial life","volume":"104451","author":"Westall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(03)00120-7","article-title":"The effect of cyanobacteria on silica precipitation at neutral pH: implications for bacterial silicification in geothermal hot springs","volume":"199","author":"Yee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653521014582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653521014582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T20:49:13Z","timestamp":1753908553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653521014582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0045653521014582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the mechanisms of biological struvite biomineralisation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130986","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130986"}}