{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:43:15Z","timestamp":1788918195088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014028","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["823717 \\u2013 ESTEEM3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["823717 \\u2013 ESTEEM3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1629794962000},"page":"131977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Degradation of asbestos \u2013 Reinforced water supply cement pipes after a long-term operation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8822-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janez","family":"Zava\u0161nik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4678-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreja","family":"\u0160estan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8071-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sre\u010do","family":"\u0160kapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1029\/WR017i006p01571","article-title":"Regulating corrosive water","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib2","series-title":"Internal Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems","isbn-type":"print","year":"1996","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/0898677599"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803088-2.00008-0","article-title":"Water supply and distribution systems","author":"Bahadori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Essentials Oil Gas Util"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.2003.012526","article-title":"History of asbestos related disease","volume":"80","author":"Bartrip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib5","series-title":"Asbestos the Hazardous Fiber","isbn-type":"print","year":"2018","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781315890821"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2005.06.003","article-title":"Attack of cement pastes exposed to organic acids in manure","volume":"27","author":"Bertron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cement Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib7","first-page":"471","article-title":"Health effects of asbestos exposure in humans: a quantitative assessment","volume":"89","author":"Boffetta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Lav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100025-0.00007-7","article-title":"Chemistry, microbiology and biology of water","author":"Brandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Twort\u2019s Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.912963","article-title":"LSI characteristics based on seasonal changes at water treatment plant of Korea","volume":"55","author":"Bum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2011.556048","article-title":"Nonpulmonary outcomes of asbestos exposure","volume":"14","author":"Bunderson-Schelvan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/232332a0","article-title":"Asbestos fibres in beverages and drinking water","volume":"232","author":"Cunningham","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-069X.1000135","article-title":"Asbestos-induced gastrointestinal cancer: an update","volume":"3","author":"David Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Dig. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib14","first-page":"472","article-title":"Rischio clinico da ingestione di fibre di amianto in acqua potabile","volume":"40","author":"Di Ciaula","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/min9100618","article-title":"Mineral fibres and asbestos bodies in human lung tissue: a case study","volume":"9","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib16","series-title":"Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, and Health Effects","isbn-type":"print","author":"Dodson","year":"2011","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781138076709"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib17","series-title":"Effects on Health of Exposure to Asbestos","author":"Doll","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib18","volume":"vol. 44","author":"Fawell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib19","first-page":"51","article-title":"Calcium carbonate and the carbonic acid system","author":"Frisia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib21","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Asbestos, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","author":"Hanley","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib20","series-title":"Guidance on controlling corrosion in drinking water distribution systems","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1139\/l06-162","article-title":"Factors contributing to the failure of asbestos cement water mains","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib23","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib24","series-title":"Comprehensive Composite Materials","isbn-type":"print","year":"2000","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780080429939"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib25","article-title":"Asbestos-induced gastrointestinal cancer: an update","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Dig. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib26","series-title":"Formation and Prevention of Calcite Scale at D\u00e5vamyran. Degree Project in Engineering Chemistry","author":"Kjellander","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib27","series-title":"Laboratory Reports of Central Water Supply System [WWW Document]","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1936.tb13785.x","article-title":"The analytical control of anti-corrosion water treatment","volume":"28","author":"Langelier","year":"1936","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib29","series-title":"Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects","author":"Lippmann","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-004-3849-1","article-title":"Calcium carbonate scale formation and control","volume":"3","author":"MacAdam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1971.10665923","article-title":"Mortality in the chrysotile asbestos mines and mills of quebec","volume":"22","author":"McDonald","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib32","series-title":"Concrete Microstructure, Properties and Materials","isbn-type":"print","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/0071797874"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0507-3","article-title":"Contamination of drinking water soon after cement mortar lining renovation depending on the disinfectant doses","volume":"1","author":"M\u0142y\u0144ska","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(76)90066-X","article-title":"The detection and analysis of particulates in municipal water supplies by transmission electron microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Murr","year":"1976","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib35","first-page":"845","article-title":"Asbestos: a chronology of its origins and health effects","volume":"47","author":"Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proche.2014.05.009","article-title":"Calcium carbonate scale formation in pipes: effect of flow rates, temperature, and malic acid as additives on the mass and morphology of the scale","volume":"9","author":"Muryanto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2004.041","article-title":"Impacts of substituting aluminum-based coagulants in drinking water treatment","volume":"39","author":"Niquette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Qual. Res. J. Can."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prediction of asbestos cement water pipe","volume":"21","author":"Punurai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging and Pipe Prioritization using Monte Carlo Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20165801029","article-title":"Calcium carbonate scale formation in copper pipes on laminar flow","volume":"58","author":"Raharjo","year":"2016","journal-title":"MATEC Web Conf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-6843-9.00023-8","article-title":"Pipeline design and construction","author":"Ratnayaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2007.11.005","article-title":"The calcium silicate hydrates","volume":"38","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cement Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05391.x","article-title":"Temperature and ionic strength corrections to the langelier index - revisited","volume":"76","author":"Schock","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04827.x","article-title":"Behavior of asbestos-cement pipe under various water quality conditions - 2. Theoretical considerations","volume":"73","author":"Schock","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib45","first-page":"381","article-title":"Leaching of alkali from concrete in contact with waterways. Water, air, soil pollut","volume":"9","author":"Setunge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2010.03.070","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of calcite and aragonite in polyol liquids: control over structure and morphology","volume":"347","author":"\u0160kapin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib47","series-title":"Cement Chemistry, Cement Chemistry","author":"Taylor","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-1116(08)70840-9","article-title":"Asbestos and drinking water in Canada","volume":"12","author":"Toft","year":"1981","journal-title":"Stud. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1049","article-title":"Asbestos fibres in drinking water: are they carcinogenic or not?","volume":"55","author":"Varga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2019-7218","article-title":"Experimental quantification of the Fe-valence state at amosite-asbestos boundaries using acSTEM dual-electron energy-loss spectroscopy","volume":"104","author":"Vigliaturo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib52","series-title":"Program oskrbe s pitno vodo za obdobje 2014 - 2017","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1989.tb03167.x","article-title":"Asbestos in drinking water supplied through grossly deteriorated A-C pipe","volume":"81","author":"Webber","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(88)80029-X","article-title":"Asbestos-contaminated drinking water: its impact on household air","volume":"46","author":"Webber","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1107\/S0365110X5600245X","article-title":"The structure of chrysotile. II. Clino-chrysotile","volume":"9","author":"Whittaker","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib56","isbn-type":"print","volume":"vol. 38","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9789241548151"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-2223-z","article-title":"Sonochemical synthesis of mackinawite and the role of Cu addition on phase transformations in the Fe-S system","volume":"16","author":"Zava\u0161nik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653521024498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653521024498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:11:55Z","timestamp":1777464715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653521024498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0045653521024498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Degradation of asbestos \u2013 Reinforced water supply cement pipes after a long-term operation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131977","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131977"}}