{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:46:39Z","timestamp":1787636799724,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T02:09:59Z","timestamp":1645150199000},"page":"134052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing soil vapor extraction with EKSF for the removal of HCHs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9504-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Miller de Melo Henrique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Isidro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"L\u00f3pez-Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Yustres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisama V.","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.053","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from obsolete pesticide dumping ground in Hyderabad City, Pakistan: contamination levels and their potential for air\u2013soil exchange","volume":"470\u2013471","author":"Alamdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-015-4810-y","article-title":"Thermal desorption of HCH","volume":"123","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.06.091","article-title":"Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of hydrophobic organics contaminated soils by the combination of non-ionic and ionic surfactants","volume":"174","author":"Boulakradeche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.12.030","article-title":"Behaviour of \u03b1-, \u03b2-, \u03b3-, and \u03b4-hexachlorocyclohexane in the soil\u2013plant system of a contaminated site","volume":"144","author":"Calvelo Pereira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.08.028","article-title":"Local organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soil put into a global perspective","volume":"217","author":"Camenzuli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2018.07.005","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation for the removal of organic contaminants in soils","volume":"11","author":"Cameselle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123298","article-title":"Nanoscale zero-valent iron reduction coupled with anaerobic dechlorination to degrade hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in historically contaminated soil","volume":"400","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105668","article-title":"Degradation of HCHs by thermally activated persulfate in soil system: effect of temperature and oxidant concentration","volume":"9","author":"Dominguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.03.047","article-title":"Application of electrokinetic soil flushing to four herbicides: a comparison","volume":"153","author":"dos Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2018.0089","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation of a soil contaminated with anthracene using different surfactants","volume":"36","author":"Estabragh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.02.151","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides in soil, air, and vegetation at and around a contaminated site in southwestern China: concentration, transmission, and risk evaluation","volume":"178","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib12","article-title":"Prospects on integrated electrokinetic systems for decontamination of soil polluted with organic contaminants","volume":"27","author":"Fdez-Sanrom\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1433-8","article-title":"POP-contaminated sites from HCH production in Sabi\u00f1\u00e1nigo, Spain","volume":"20","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117769","article-title":"Historical and post-ban releases of organochlorine pesticides recorded in sediment deposits in an agricultural watershed, France","volume":"288","author":"Gardes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.02.037","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies","volume":"87","author":"Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2014.06.008","article-title":"Uncovering results in electro-scrubbing process toward green methodology during environmental air pollutants removal","volume":"93","author":"Govindan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.003","article-title":"Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants","volume":"320","author":"Hahladakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib18","article-title":"Relevance of gaseous flows in electrochemically assisted soil thermal sremediation","volume":"27","author":"Henrique","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2004.07.010","article-title":"Electro-reclamation, a versatile soil remediation solution","volume":"77","author":"Lageman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126209","article-title":"Low permeability zone remediation of trichloroethene via coupling electrokinetic migration with in situ electrochemical hydrodechlorination","volume":"250","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.114","article-title":"Scale-up of the electrokinetic fence technology for the removal of pesticides. Part II: does size matter for removal of herbicides?","volume":"166","author":"Lopez-Vizcaino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-017-1417-9","article-title":"Lindane, kepone and pentachlorobenzene: chloropesticides banned by Stockholm convention","volume":"15","author":"Madaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126078","article-title":"Scale-up of electrokinetic permeable reactive barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils","volume":"417","author":"Maldonado","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.6110","article-title":"Solar\u2010powered BDD\u2010electrolysis remediation of soil washing fluid spiked with diesel","volume":"94","author":"Melo Henrique","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.06.127","article-title":"Combination of bioremediation and electrokinetics for the in-situ treatment of diesel polluted soil: a comparison of strategies","volume":"533","author":"Mena Ramirez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(96)00010-0","article-title":"Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from the pyrolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in the presence of iron(III) oxide","volume":"32","author":"Minghui","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.06.021","article-title":"Remediation of soils polluted with lindane using surfactant-aided soil washing and electrochemical oxidation","volume":"339","author":"Munoz-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-004-2413-6","article-title":"Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.01.119","article-title":"Distribution, sources, and air\u2013soil exchange of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs in urban soils of Nepal","volume":"200","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12631","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced electroosmotic flushing in a trichlorobenzene contaminated clayey soil","volume":"56","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.04.065","article-title":"An overview of electrokinetic soil flushing and its effect on bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil","volume":"218","author":"Ramadan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.02.201","article-title":"Feasibility of coupling permeable bio-barriers and electrokinetics for the treatment of diesel hydrocarbons polluted soils","volume":"181","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-011-0767-z","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation of pentachlorophenol contaminated clay soil. Water, air","volume":"221","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.174","article-title":"Removal of oxyfluorfen from spiked soils using electrokinetic soil flushing with the surrounding arrangements of electrodes","volume":"559","author":"Risco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib37","series-title":"Electrochemically Assisted Remediation of Contaminated Soils","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib35","first-page":"109","article-title":"Combined electrokinetic soil flushing and bioremediation for the treatment of spiked soils polluted with organics","volume":"41","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8720","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500077e","article-title":"Electrochemically assisted remediation of pesticides in soils and water: a review","volume":"114","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.117","article-title":"Chlorinated organic compounds in liquid wastes (DNAPL) from lindane production dumped in landfills in Sabi\u00f1anigo (Spain)","volume":"242","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib39","series-title":"Soil Hydrology and Biophysics","author":"Selker","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-017-1717-1","article-title":"Soil vapor extraction of wet gasoline-contaminated soil made possible by electroosmotic dewatering\u2013lab simulations applied at a field site","volume":"18","author":"Simpanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118100","article-title":"Iron-carbon material enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PCBs-contaminated soil","volume":"290","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2019.03.004","article-title":"Fate of the persistent organic pollutant (POP)Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and remediation challenges","volume":"140","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123934","article-title":"TW80 and GLDA-enhanced oxidation under electrokinetic remediation for aged contaminated-soil: does it worth?","volume":"385","author":"Suanon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1089-4","article-title":"HCH contamination from former pesticide production in Brazil\u2014a challenge for the Stockholm Convention implementation","volume":"20","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.027","article-title":"Chemical oxidation of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in contaminated soils","volume":"476\u2013477","author":"Usman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14748","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9083-5","article-title":"Application of chemical oxidation to remediate HCH-contaminated soil under batch and flow through conditions","volume":"24","author":"Usman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122674","article-title":"Testing different strategies for the remediation of soils polluted with lindane","volume":"381","author":"Vidal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.10.032","article-title":"Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils","volume":"322","author":"Vieira dos Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-010-0417-9","article-title":"Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as new Stockholm Convention POPs\u2014a global perspective on the management of Lindane and its waste isomers","volume":"18","author":"Vijgen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.02.029","article-title":"HCH and lindane contaminated sites: European and global need for a permanent solution for a long-time neglected issue","volume":"248","author":"Vijgen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)01027-0","article-title":"Electrokinetic soil remediation \u2014 critical overview","volume":"289","author":"Virkutyte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.06.072","article-title":"Chemical oxidation and reduction of hexachlorocyclohexanes: a review","volume":"162","author":"Waclawek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.06.012","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants in the Tibetan surface soil: spatial distribution, air\u2013soil exchange and implications for global cycling","volume":"170","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522005458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522005458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T19:54:51Z","timestamp":1736366091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653522005458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0045653522005458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing soil vapor extraction with EKSF for the removal of HCHs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134052"}}