{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1772886310549,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T09:30:51Z","timestamp":1654075851000},"page":"135166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Analytical methods to determine and sense heavy metal pollutants using MXene and MXene-based composites: Mechanistic prophecy into sensing properties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjula","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.98","article-title":"2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage","volume":"2","author":"Anasori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NH00125K","article-title":"Control of electronic properties of 2D carbides (MXenes) by manipulating their transition metal layers","volume":"1","author":"Anasori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9507","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03591","article-title":"Two-dimensional, ordered, double transition metals carbides (MXenes)","volume":"9","author":"Anasori","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6786(00)00006-6","article-title":"The MN+1AXN phases: a new class of solids: thermodynamically stable nanolaminates","volume":"28","author":"Barsoum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-062910-100448","article-title":"Elastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases","volume":"41","author":"Barsoum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-6779(98)80002-7","article-title":"Electrical properties of molybdenum disulfide MoS2. Experimental study and density functional calculation results","volume":"90","author":"Beqqali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib7","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Properties that influence the specific surface areas of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers","volume":"57","author":"Birch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12217","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b02969","article-title":"Quantifying surface area of nanosheet graphene oxide colloid using a gas-phase electrostatic approach","volume":"89","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5529","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NA00650E","article-title":"Recent advances in environmentally benign hierarchical inorganic nano-adsorbents for the removal of poisonous metal ions in water: a review with mechanistic insight into toxicity and adsorption","volume":"2","author":"Channegowda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NH00274F","article-title":"Recent advances in functionalized MnO2 nanosheets for biosensing and biomedicine applications","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2014.09.002","article-title":"High capacitance of surface-modified 2D titanium carbide in acidic electrolyte","volume":"48","author":"Dall'Agnese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.12.051","article-title":"Ultra-small two dimensional MXene nanosheets for selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of Ag+ and Mn2+ ions","volume":"565","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06967-1","article-title":"Remediation techniques for removal of heavy metals from the soil contaminated through different sources: a review","volume":"27","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib15","series-title":"Bio-And Nanosorbents from Natural Resources","first-page":"123","article-title":"Chitosan-based natural biosorbents: novel search for water and wastewater desalination and heavy metal detoxification","author":"Dhillon","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib16","series-title":"New Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation","first-page":"29","article-title":"Recent advances and perspectives in polymer-based nanomaterials for Cr(VI) removal","author":"Dhillon","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib17","series-title":"Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification","first-page":"783","article-title":"New generation nano-based adsorbents for water purification","author":"Dhillon","year":"2019"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10088","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY02430G","article-title":"Analytical methods for sensing of health-hazardous arsenic from biotic and abiotic natural resources","volume":"7","author":"Dhillon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508154e","article-title":"Ion intercalation into two-dimensional transition-metal carbides: global screening for new high-capacity battery materials","volume":"136","author":"Eames","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa57bc","article-title":"Layered ternary Mn+1AXn phases and their 2D derivative MXene: an overview from a thin-film perspective","volume":"50","author":"Eklund","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2013.09.010","article-title":"Two-dimensional titanium carbonitrides and their hydroxylated derivatives: structural, electronic properties and stability of MXenes Ti3C2\u2212xNx(OH)2 from DFTB calculations","volume":"207","author":"Enyashin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.10.053","article-title":"Two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2 produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2","volume":"114","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.12.063","article-title":"Solvothermal synthesis of in situ nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene fluorescent quantum dots for selective Cu2+ detection","volume":"46","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b04408","article-title":"MXene\/polymer membranes: synthesis, properties, and emerging applications","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13970","article-title":"Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide \u2018clay\u2019 with high volumetric capacitance","volume":"516","author":"Ghidiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib26","article-title":"Highly fluorescent Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots for macrophage labelling and Cu2+ ion sensing","volume":"1\u20133","author":"Guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15348","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP00775E","article-title":"Flexible two-dimensional Tin+ 1 Cn (n= 1, 2 and 3) and their functionalized MXenes predicted by density functional theories","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11446","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA04414J","article-title":"MXene: a promising photocatalyst for water splitting","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201505328","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of 2D molybdenum carbide (MXene)","volume":"26","author":"Halim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10050866","article-title":"Preparation and application of Bismuth\/MXene nano-composite as electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ions detection","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123678","article-title":"Recent advances in 2D MXenes for enhanced cation intercalation in energy harvesting applications: a review","volume":"392","author":"Hemanth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP00330C","article-title":"NMR reveals the surface functionalisation of Ti3C2 MXene","volume":"18","author":"Hope","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48928","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c12239","article-title":"High-performance flexible electrochemical heavy metal sensor based on layer-by-layer assembly of Ti3C2Tx\/MWNTs nanocomposites for noninvasive detection of copper and zinc ions in human biofluids","volume":"12","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2015.08.003","article-title":"Interfacial synthesis of \u03b4-MnO2 nanosheets with a large surface area and their application in electrochemical capacitors","volume":"32","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00737","article-title":"Atomically resolved structural and chemical investigation of single MXene sheets","volume":"15","author":"Karlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.145543","article-title":"Mechanistic performance of polyaniline-substituted hexagonal boron nitride composite as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of phosphate, nitrate, and hexavalent chromium ions from an aqueous environment","volume":"511","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5434","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185434","article-title":"MXenes-based bioanalytical sensors: design, characterization, and applications","volume":"20","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202502","article-title":"Electronic and magnetic properties of two\u2010dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides","volume":"23","author":"Khazaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC00140A","article-title":"Electronic properties and applications of MXenes: a theoretical review","volume":"5","author":"Khazaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.93.205125","article-title":"Nearly free electron states in MXenes","volume":"93","author":"Khazaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TA00904H","article-title":"High-surface area ceramic-derived boron-nitride and its hydrogen uptake properties","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s40098-016-0214-6","article-title":"A review of technologies for characterization of heavy metal contaminants","volume":"47","author":"Kurup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Geotech. J."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19390","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR06513E","article-title":"Surface group modification and carrier transport properties of layered transition metal carbides (Ti2CTx, T:\u2013 OH, \u2013F and \u2013O)","volume":"7","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib44","first-page":"19","article-title":"Microwave synthesis and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and metal oxide doped MWCNT","volume":"1","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08415","article-title":"MXene Ti3C2: an effective 2D light-to-heat conversion material","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study on the risk of soil heavy metal pollution in typical developed cities in eastern China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b04339","article-title":"Two-dimensional ultrathin MXene ceramic nanosheets for photothermal conversion","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b03972","article-title":"Searching for highly active catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction based on O-terminated MXenes through a simple descriptor","volume":"28","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"6153","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241488","article-title":"Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide","volume":"341","author":"Lukatskaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b07668","article-title":"Pillared structure design of MXene with ultralarge interlayer spacing for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab7e22","article-title":"Facile synthesis of protonated carbon nitride\/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+","volume":"167","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2010.07.003","article-title":"Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compos.- A: Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.10.013","article-title":"Atomically thin two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets and their heterostructures for energy storage","volume":"16","author":"Mahmood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib54","article-title":"Diatom mediated heavy metal remediation: a review","volume":"305","author":"Marella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2664","article-title":"Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides","volume":"4","author":"Mashtalir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-017-1635-y","article-title":"Biocompatibility of boron nitride nanosheets","volume":"11","author":"Mateti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh.2011.010","article-title":"Arsenic geochemistry and human health in south east Asia","volume":"26","author":"McCarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2012.01.002","article-title":"MXene: a promising transition metal carbide anode for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"16","author":"Naguib","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306","article-title":"Two\u2010dimensional nanocrystals: two\u2010dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2","volume":"23","author":"Naguib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306","article-title":"Two\u2010dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2","volume":"23","author":"Naguib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1021\/nn204153h","article-title":"Two-dimensional transition metal carbides","volume":"6","author":"Naguib","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304138","article-title":"25th anniversary article: MXenes: a new family of two\u2010dimensional materials","volume":"26","author":"Naguib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9353","DOI":"10.1039\/C5DT01247C","article-title":"Large-scale delamination of multi-layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides \u201cMXenes\u201d","volume":"44","author":"Naguib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72069","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA10384G","article-title":"Ti3C2Tx (MXene)\u2013polyacrylamide nanocomposite films","volume":"6","author":"Naguib","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502848102","article-title":"Two-dimensional atomic crystals","volume":"102","author":"Novoselov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128350","article-title":"Heavy metal associated health hazards: an interplay of oxidative stress and signal transduction","volume":"262","author":"Paithankar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00051","article-title":"CsPbBr3-Ti3C2Tx MXene QD\/QD heterojunction: photoluminescence quenching, charge transfer, and Cd ion sensing application","volume":"3","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13907","article-title":"Ti3 C2 MXene co-catalyst on metal sulfide photo-absorbers for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production","volume":"8","author":"Ran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24697","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04377J","article-title":"Large interlayer Spacing Nb4C3Tx (MXene) promotes the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ on glassy carbon electrodes","volume":"10","author":"Rasheed","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.05.017","article-title":"Water treatment and environmental remediation applications of two-dimensional metal carbides (MXenes)","volume":"30","author":"Rasool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.08.063","article-title":"MXenes: are they emerging materials for analytical chemistry applications? -a review","volume":"1143","author":"Sajid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9193","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b05240","article-title":"Atomic defects in monolayer titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene","volume":"10","author":"Sang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6b00247","article-title":"Two-dimensional molybdenum carbide (MXene) as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution","volume":"1","author":"Seh","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"issue":"6304","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2421","article-title":"Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)","volume":"353","author":"Shahzad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mentha-stabilized silver nanoparticles for high-performance colorimetric detection of Al (III) in aqueous systems","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib76","series-title":"metal\u2212organic Frameworks for Environmental Remediation","first-page":"77","article-title":"Metal\u2212organic frameworks for water decontamination and reuse: a dig at heavy metal ions and organic toxins","author":"Singh","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01411","article-title":"Biological effects of molybdenum compounds in nanosized forms under in vitro and in vivo conditions","volume":"33","author":"Soba\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201700601","article-title":"Post\u2010synthetic immobilization of Ni ions in a porous\u2010organic polymer\u2010graphene composite for non\u2010noble metal electrocatalytic water oxidation","volume":"9","author":"Soliman","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1179\/1743280410Y.0000000001","article-title":"Progress in research and development on MAX phases: a family of layered ternary compounds","volume":"56","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Mater. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.70.092102","article-title":"Bonding and classification of nanolayered ternary carbides","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11385","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR02253G","article-title":"Synthesis of two-dimensional titanium nitride Ti4N3 (MXene)","volume":"8","author":"Urbankowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2019.02.001","article-title":"Overview of the synthesis of MXenes and other ultrathin 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides","volume":"23","author":"Verger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1021\/ja512820k","article-title":"Atomic-scale recognition of surface structure and intercalation mechanism of Ti3C2X","volume":"137","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6385","DOI":"10.1021\/ja501520b","article-title":"Role of surface structure on Li-ion energy storage capacity of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides","volume":"136","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.05.020","article-title":"Highly green fluorescent Nb2C MXene quantum dots for Cu2+ ion sensing and cell imaging","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.127735","article-title":"Biodegradable and photostable Nb2C MXene quantum dots as promising nanofluorophores for metal ions sensing and fluorescence imaging","volume":"309","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.13922","article-title":"Two\u2010dimensional Nb\u2010based M4C3 solid solutions (MXenes)","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3390\/su13020713","article-title":"Applications of nanomaterials for heavy metal removal from water and soil: a review","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15853","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b10834","article-title":"Schottky-barrier-free contacts with two-dimensional semiconductors by surface-engineered MXenes","volume":"138","author":"Yuanyue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/111\/26007","article-title":"Role of the surface effect on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of the carbide MXenes","volume":"111","author":"Zha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08794J","article-title":"Selective detection of Fe3+ ions based on fluorescence MXene quantum dots via a mechanism integrating electron transfer and inner filter effect","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP06986F","article-title":"The role of terminations and coordination atoms on the pseudocapacitance of titanium carbonitride monolayers","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00030","article-title":"Synthesis and electrochemical properties of two-dimensional hafnium carbide","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.09.012","article-title":"Recent advance in MXenes: a promising 2D material for catalysis, sensor and chemical adsorption","volume":"352","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.07.084","article-title":"Alkaline intercalation of Ti3C2 MXene for simultaneous electrochemical detection of Cd(\u2161), Pb(\u2161), Cu(\u2161) and Hg(\u2161)","volume":"248","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3837-3","article-title":"A micromilled microgrid sensor with delaminated MXene-bismuth nanocomposite assembly for simultaneous electrochemical detection of lead (\u2161), cadmium (\u2161) and zinc (\u2161)","volume":"186","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522016599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522016599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T07:43:50Z","timestamp":1731397430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653522016599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S0045653522016599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analytical methods to determine and sense heavy metal pollutants using MXene and MXene-based composites: Mechanistic prophecy into sensing properties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"135166"}}