{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:09:52Z","timestamp":1792498192491,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T22:50:59Z","timestamp":1656629459000},"page":"135523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exhaust and non-exhaust airborne particles from diesel and electric buses in Xi'an: A comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Ruisen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9367-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib1","article-title":"Electric buses in Malaysia: policies, innovations, technologies and life cycle evaluations","volume":"13","author":"Al-Ogaili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability-Basel"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-01102-x","article-title":"Urban characteristics and its influence on resuspension of road dust, air quality and exposure","volume":"15","author":"Alshetty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.04.053","article-title":"Urban air quality: the challenge of traffic non-exhaust emissions","volume":"275","author":"Amato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.003","article-title":"Sources and variability of inhalable road dust particles in three European cities","volume":"45","author":"Amato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib5","series-title":"Non-exhaust Emissions from Road Traffic","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1721448","article-title":"Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Archard","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133082","article-title":"The health effects of traffic-related air pollution: a review focused the health effects of going green","volume":"289","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117886","article-title":"PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors for non-exhaust particles from road vehicles: dependence upon vehicle mass and implications for battery electric vehicles","volume":"244","author":"Beddows","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib9","article-title":"Methodology for the UK\u2019s Road Transport Emissions Inventory: Version for the 2016 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy: London, UK,"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12024","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of diesel and electric public transportation buses","volume":"17","author":"Cooney","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.05.111","article-title":"Electric vehicles and India's low carbon passenger transport: a long-term co-benefits assessment","volume":"146","author":"Dhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2012.02.023","article-title":"A sustainability assessment of electric vehicles as a personal mobility system","volume":"61","author":"Faria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energ Convers. Manage"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1021\/es001108h","article-title":"Brake wear particulate matter emissions","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech. Lib."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12020190","article-title":"Quantification of non-exhaust particulate matter traffic emissions and the impact of COVID-19 lockdown at London Marylebone road","volume":"12","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122362","article-title":"Quantitative source tracking of heavy metals contained in urban road deposited sediments","volume":"393","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/en9020084","article-title":"Environmental analysis of petrol, diesel and electric passenger cars in a Belgian urban setting","volume":"9","author":"Hooftman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.005","article-title":"Estimation and validation of PM2. 5\/PM10 exhaust and non-exhaust emission factors for practical street pollution modeling","volume":"41","author":"Ketzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2018.1560453","article-title":"Sustainable service design and revenue management for electric tour bus systems: seoul city tour bus service and the eco-mileage program","volume":"27","author":"Ko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sustain. Tour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126626","article-title":"Comparative analysis of non-exhaust airborne particles from electric and internal combustion engine vehicles","volume":"420","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129965","article-title":"Exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from conventional and electric vehicles: a comparison of monetary impact values","volume":"331","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib21","article-title":"Thermally induced variations in the nanostructure and reactivity of soot particles emitted from a diesel engine","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.03.082","article-title":"Surface functional groups and sp 3\/sp 2 hybridization ratios of in-cylinder soot from a diesel engine fueled with n -heptane and n -heptane\/toluene","volume":"179","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib23","article-title":"Brake wear induced PM10 emissions during the world harmoniszed light-duty vehicle test procedure-brake cycle","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2007.08.001","article-title":"Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review","volume":"38","author":"Maricq","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127978","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality in Chandigarh, India: understanding the emission sources during controlled anthropogenic activities","volume":"263","author":"Mor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1636773","article-title":"Estimation of the maximum tire-road friction coefficient","volume":"125","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dyn. Syst.-T ASME"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.03.022","article-title":"Potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality and health endpoints in the Greater Houston Area in 2040","volume":"207","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2010.937006","article-title":"Tire-road friction-coefficient estimation","volume":"30","author":"Rajamani","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Contr. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.09.034","article-title":"Trend of vehicle emission levels until 2020\u2013Prognosis based on current vehicle measurements and future emission legislation","volume":"43","author":"Rexeis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.11.047","article-title":"Biology of diesel exhaust effects on respiratory function","volume":"115","author":"Riedl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0642-9","article-title":"Road transport: new life cycle inventories for fossil-fuelled passenger cars and non-exhaust emissions in ecoinvent v3","volume":"21","author":"Simons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134273","article-title":"High resolution vehicular PM10 emissions over megacity Delhi: relative contributions of exhaust and non-exhaust sources","volume":"699","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.09.048","article-title":"The potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality in the urban areas of Barcelona and Madrid (Spain)","volume":"99","author":"Soret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.06.108","article-title":"Human health risk assessment and riskiest heavy metal origin identification in urban soils of Yerevan, Armenia","volume":"184","author":"Tepanosyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-18195-2021","article-title":"Why is the city's responsibility for its air pollution often underestimated? A focus on PM 2.5","volume":"21","author":"Thunis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.03.017","article-title":"Non-exhaust PM emissions from electric vehicles","volume":"134","author":"Timmers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1177\/0954407016671462","article-title":"The influence of the contact features on the tyre wear in steady-state conditions","volume":"231","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. - Part D J. Automob. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-016-0719-x","article-title":"Bi-level programming model for multi-modal regional bus timetable and vehicle dispatch with stochastic travel time","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cluster Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.060","article-title":"Short-term and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"247","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.03.007","article-title":"Occurrence of benzothiazole and its derivates in tire wear, road dust, and roadside soil","volume":"201","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118919","article-title":"Petroleum and Fischer\u2013Tropsch diesel soot: a comparison of morphology, nanostructure and oxidation reactivity","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.04.003","article-title":"Severity of passenger injuries on public buses: a comparative analysis of collision injuries and non-collision injuries","volume":"74","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Safety Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.01.062","article-title":"Large-scale deployment of electric taxis in Beijing: a real-world analysis","volume":"100","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522020161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653522020161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T15:42:54Z","timestamp":1736350974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653522020161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0045653522020161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exhaust and non-exhaust airborne particles from diesel and electric buses in Xi'an: A comparative analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135523","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"135523"}}