{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:27:43Z","timestamp":1790638063457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21407117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21407117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:29:38Z","timestamp":1678242578000},"page":"138349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with dyslexic risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Kaiheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8354-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranran","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2016.1185354","article-title":"Widespread occurrence of perchlorate in water, foodstuffs and human urine collected from Kuwait and its contribution to human exposure","volume":"33","author":"Alomirah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1498","article-title":"Academic achievement and physical activity: a meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Alvarez-Bueno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.671784","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism and the deleterious effects on auditory function and language skills: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00616-D","article-title":"Effect of thiocyanate on AMPA receptor mediated responses in excised patches and hippocampal slices","volume":"66","author":"Arai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-021-00367-2","article-title":"Thyroid hormone: sex-dependent role in nervous system regulation and disease","volume":"12","author":"Baksi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.02.001","article-title":"Control of konzo in DRC using the wetting method on cassava flour","volume":"50","author":"Banea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60436-5","article-title":"Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)","volume":"382","author":"Bath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69248-5_2","article-title":"Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers","author":"Benowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.521","article-title":"Chronic perchlorate exposure causes morphological abnormalities in developing stickleback","volume":"30","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126800","article-title":"Alterations of urinary perchlorate levels in euthyroid postpubertal children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"68","author":"Blazewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e936","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30267-X","article-title":"Cognitive and motor performance in Congolese children with konzo during 4 years of follow-up: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"5","author":"Boivin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000751","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"41","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.107","article-title":"Worldwide occurrence and origin of perchlorate ion in waters: a review","volume":"661","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/03055690601068535","article-title":"Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in reading\u2010related cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong","volume":"33","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02790388","article-title":"Iodine nutritional status of children in North East India","volume":"73","author":"Chandra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.06.056","article-title":"Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique","volume":"49","author":"Cliff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7331","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and markers of fetal growth restriction: a population-based study of nearly one million Danish-born children","volume":"129","author":"Coffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-017-2077-7","article-title":"Exposure of the US population to nitrate, thiocyanate, perchlorate, and iodine based on NHANES 2005-2014","volume":"99","author":"Corey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02190","article-title":"Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium\/iodide symporter inhibitors: potential thyroid-related health effects","volume":"155","author":"De Groef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.01.003","article-title":"Evaluation of effects of prenatal exposure to the cyanide and thiocyanate in wistar rats","volume":"23","author":"de Sousa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11089","article-title":"Developmental exposure to perchlorate alters synaptic transmission in hippocampus of the adult rat","volume":"116","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib23","first-page":"116","article-title":"Prevalence of dyslexia among male students in primary schools and its relationship with obesity and being overweight in ahvaz, Iran","volume":"3","author":"Hakim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01915","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the dyslexia checklist for Chinese children","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000411","article-title":"Reading disorders and dyslexia","volume":"28","author":"Hulme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.064","article-title":"Trends and variability in the levels of urinary thiocyanate, perchlorate, and nitrate by age, gender, race\/ethnicity, smoking status, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke over 2005-2012","volume":"557\u2013558","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106611","article-title":"Occurrence, latitudinal gradient and potential sources of perchlorate in the atmosphere across the hemispheres (31 degrees N to 80 degrees S)","volume":"156","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193261","article-title":"Dietary cyanogen exposure and early child neurodevelopment: an observational study from the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"13","author":"Kashala-Abotnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.21307\/ane-2017-061","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males","volume":"77","author":"Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107249","article-title":"Associations of urinary perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate with central sensitivity to thyroid hormones: a US population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"164","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.01.109","article-title":"Perchlorate as an emerging contaminant in soil, water and food","volume":"150","author":"Kumarathilaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.108","article-title":"Urinary perchlorate as a measure of dietary and drinking water exposure in a representative sample of the United States population 2001-2008","volume":"23","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13976","article-title":"Maternal recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with an increased risk for long-term neurological morbidity in offspring","volume":"61","author":"Levy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib34","article-title":"The prevalence of dyslexia in primary school children and their Chinese literacy assessment in shantou, China","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx188","article-title":"Exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib36","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of prenatal and perinatal risk factors in a Chinese population with reading disorder","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118469","article-title":"Association between urinary propylene oxide metabolite and the risk of dyslexia","volume":"292","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110207","article-title":"The associations of zinc and GRIN2B genetic polymorphisms with the risk of dyslexia","volume":"191","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0090-3","article-title":"Perchlorate and diet: human exposures, risks, and mitigation strategies","volume":"3","author":"Maffini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01837.x","article-title":"Word recognition and cognitive profiles of Chinese pre-school children at risk for dyslexia through language delay or familial history of dyslexia","volume":"49","author":"McBride-Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2011.44","article-title":"Temporal variability in urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate and iodide among children","volume":"22","author":"Mervish","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409309","article-title":"Thyroid antagonists (perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate) and childhood growth in a longitudinal study of U.S. Girls","volume":"124","author":"Mervish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.05.017","article-title":"Thyroid antagonists and thyroid indicators in U.S. pregnant women in the Vanguard Study of the National Children's Study","volume":"149","author":"Mortensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24334","article-title":"Cyclical konzo epidemics and climate variability","volume":"77","author":"Oluwole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0197","article-title":"Maternal and child's thyroid function and child's intellect and scholastic performance","volume":"25","author":"Pakkila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-01934-y","article-title":"Chronic pediatric diseases and risk for reading difficulties: a narrative review with recommendations","volume":"92","author":"Perazzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60198-6","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia","volume":"379","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112842","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia","volume":"11","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.09.001","article-title":"Environmental exposure to perchlorate: a review of toxicology and human health","volume":"358","author":"Pleus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.082","article-title":"Spatial distribution of perchlorate, iodide and thiocyanate in the aquatic environment of Tianjin, China: environmental source analysis","volume":"111","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198409030-00005","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitroprusside, cyanide, thiosulphate and thiocyanate","volume":"9","author":"Schulz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112635","article-title":"Agricultural groundwater with high nitrates and dissolved salts given to pregnant mice alters brain development in the offspring","volume":"224","author":"Schwendimann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2012.03.011","article-title":"Human safety controversies surrounding nitrate and nitrite in the diet","volume":"26","author":"Sindelar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106613","article-title":"Exposure to nitrate from drinking water and the risk of childhood cancer in Denmark","volume":"155","author":"Stayner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147614","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of acetaminophen in young children in central and south China: repeated measurements and associations with 8-hydroxy-guanosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine","volume":"787","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib56","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of dyslexic children in a middle-sized city of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9057-0","article-title":"Exercise and children's intelligence, cognition, and academic achievement","volume":"20","author":"Tomporowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2004.14.1012","article-title":"Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter","volume":"14","author":"Tonacchera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13159","article-title":"Cyanide and the human brain: perspectives from a model of food (cassava) poisoning","volume":"1378","author":"Tshala-Katumbay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2630","article-title":"Population survey of iodine deficiency and environmental disruptors of thyroid function in young children in Haiti","volume":"102","author":"von Oettingen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.005","article-title":"Occurrence of perchlorate in indoor dust from the United States and eleven other countries: implications for human exposure","volume":"75","author":"Wan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2042012","article-title":"Thiocyanate toxicity: a teaching case","volume":"60","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161159","article-title":"Novel aspects of dietary nitrate and human health","volume":"33","author":"Weitzberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib64","series-title":"Iodine Deficiency","author":"WH\u2013O","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2017.1281590","article-title":"Thiocyanate: a review and evaluation of the kinetics and the modes of action for thyroid hormone perturbations","volume":"47","author":"Willemin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.01.007","article-title":"Characterization of the modes of action and dose-response relationship for thiocyanate on the thyroid hormone levels in rats using a computational approach","volume":"365","author":"Willemin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90080-Q","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease, left-handedness, and developmental dyslexia","volume":"17","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib68","series-title":"Screening for Overweight and Obesity Among School-Age Children and Adolescents","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.120","article-title":"Association between developmental dyslexia and anxiety\/depressive symptoms among children in China: the chain mediating of time spent on homework and stress","volume":"297","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151852","article-title":"Association between urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites and dyslexia among children from three cities of China: the READ program","volume":"814","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105707","article-title":"Urine metals concentrations and dyslexia among children in China","volume":"139","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119640","article-title":"The combined effect between BDNF genetic polymorphisms and exposure to metals on the risk of Chinese dyslexia","volume":"308","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523006161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523006161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T20:06:10Z","timestamp":1759953970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653523006161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0045653523006161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with dyslexic risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138349","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"138349"}}