{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:56:33Z","timestamp":1790394993865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21976026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21976026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T05:48:54Z","timestamp":1684475334000},"page":"138968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Photolysis mechanism of eleven insecticides under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, pathway and QSAR"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"334","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5351-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanhui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4959","article-title":"Neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater across land-use gradients and potential effects","volume":"40","author":"Berens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.3390\/w12123388","article-title":"Literature review: global neonicotinoid insecticide occurrence in aquatic environments","volume":"12","author":"Borsuah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(02)00277-4","article-title":"Reaction pathways and mechanisms of photodegradation of pesticides","volume":"67","author":"Burrows","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00407-6","article-title":"Quantitative structure\u2013property relationships for direct photolysis quantum yields of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"246","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(00)00195-0","article-title":"Is it possible to develop a QSPR model for direct photolysis half-lives of PAHs under irradiation of sunlight?","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00827-5","article-title":"Quantitative structure\u2013property relationships on photodegradation of PCDD\/Fs in cuticular waxes of laurel cherry (Prunus laurocerasus)","volume":"269","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122876","article-title":"Photodegradation of polychlorinated diphenyl sul\ufb01des (PCDPSs) under simulated solar light irradiation: kinetics, mechanism, and density functional theory calculations","volume":"398","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129784","article-title":"Roles of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter on the photodegradation of organic micropollutants","volume":"440","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.08.110","article-title":"Role of humic substances in the photodegradation of naproxen under simulated sunlight","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7068","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b00394","article-title":"Buffer-induced acceleration and inhibition in polyoxometalate-catalyzed organophosphorus ester hydrolysis","volume":"8","author":"Collins-Wildman","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125464","article-title":"Photoformation of reactive oxygen species and their potential to degrade highly toxic carbaryl and methomyl in river water","volume":"244","author":"Derbalah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.038","article-title":"Stability studies for titanium dioxide nanoparticles upon adsorption of Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids and natural organic matter","volume":"468","author":"Erhayem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132303","article-title":"Comparative analysis on the photolysis kinetics of four neonicotinoid pesticides and their photo-induced toxicity to Vibrio Fischeri: pathway and toxic mechanism","volume":"287","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.009","article-title":"The importance of reactive oxygen species on the aqueous phototransformation of sulfonamide antibiotics: kinetics, pathways, and comparisons with direct photolysis","volume":"149","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120139","article-title":"Residues of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface sediments in lakes and rivers across Jiangsu Province: impact of regional characteristics and land use types","volume":"313","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-018-2338-0","article-title":"Imidacloprid causes DNA damage in fish: clastogenesis as a mechanism of genotoxicity","volume":"100","author":"Iturburu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1021\/es500535a","article-title":"Dual roles of dissolved organic matter as sensitizer and quencher in the photooxidation of tryptophan","volume":"48","author":"Janssen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.D17-081","article-title":"Direct photolysis mechanism of pesticides in water","volume":"43","author":"Katagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pestic. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3335","article-title":"Modeling photodegradation kinetics of three systemic neonicotinoids\u2014dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam\u2014in aqueous and soil environment","volume":"35","author":"Kurwadkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11374","article-title":"Detection of neonicotinoid insecticides and their metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117200","article-title":"Quantitatively modeling of tetracycline photodegradation in low molecular weight organic acids under simulated sunlight irradiation","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219633605001817","article-title":"QSPR study on direct photolysis half-lives of PAHs in water surface","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Theor. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib23","first-page":"188","article-title":"Quantum yields for direct photolysis of neonicotinoid insecticides in water: implications for exposure to nontarget aquatic organisms","volume":"2","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108086","article-title":"Unveil the quantum chemical descriptors determining direct photodegradation of antibiotics under simulated sunlight: batch experiments and model development","volume":"10","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9552466","article-title":"A systematic review of photolysis and hydrolysis degradation modes, degradation mechanisms, and identification methods of pesticides","volume":"2022","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.024","article-title":"Neonicotinoid contamination of global surface waters and associated risk to aquatic invertebrates: a review","volume":"74","author":"Morrissey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107169","article-title":"Assessment of ameliorative effects of organic dietary interventions on neonicotinoid exposure rates in a Japanese population","volume":"162","author":"Nimako","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib28","volume":"vol. 3","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3471-x","article-title":"Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates","volume":"22","author":"Pisa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib30","first-page":"628","article-title":"The role of indirect photochemical degradation in the environmental fate of pesticides: a review","volume":"16","author":"Remucal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Proc. Imp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4479","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in the South Texas Plains Ecoregion","volume":"18","author":"Sabin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integrated Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b03402","article-title":"Triplet-state dissolved organic matter quantum yields and lifetimes from direct observation of aromatic amine oxidation","volume":"51","author":"Schmitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2006.10.018","article-title":"Photolysis, oxidation and subsequent toxicity of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters","volume":"187","author":"Shemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A: Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4460","DOI":"10.1021\/es0602602","article-title":"Relative rate constants of contaminant candidate list pesticides with hydroxyl radicals","volume":"40","author":"Shemer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8210","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c01227","article-title":"Urinary metabolites of neonicotinoid insecticides: levels and recommendations for future biomonitoring studies in China","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4256","article-title":"Neonicotinoid insecticide hydrolysis and photolysis: rates and residual toxicity","volume":"37","author":"Todey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.05.039","article-title":"Ultraviolet absorption redshift induced direct photodegradation of halogenated parabens under simulated sunlight","volume":"142","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.419","article-title":"Accumulation and toxicity of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin to the gonads of Eremias argus","volume":"667","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138060","article-title":"Photolysis of the novel meta-diamide insecticide broflanilide in solutions: kinetics, degradation pathway, DFT calculation and ecotoxicity assessment","volume":"320","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.04.011","article-title":"Phototransformation of selected organophosphorus pesticides: roles of hydroxyl and carbonate radicals","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.06.033","article-title":"Different photolysis kinetics and photooxidation reactivities of neutral and anionic hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers","volume":"90","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118317","article-title":"Bio-uptake, tissue distribution and metabolism of a neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin in zebrafish","volume":"292","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137913","article-title":"Phototransformation of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter and the effects on photodegradation of imidacloprid in aqueous solution under ultraviolet light","volume":"724","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.06.167","article-title":"UV direct photolysis of halogenated disinfection byproducts: experimental study and QSAR modeling","volume":"235","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132937","article-title":"Urinary neonicotinoid insecticides in children from South China: concentrations, profiles and influencing factors","volume":"291","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523012353?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523012353?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:56:33Z","timestamp":1758632193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653523012353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0045653523012353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Photolysis mechanism of eleven insecticides under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, pathway and QSAR","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138968","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"138968"}}