{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:41:41Z","timestamp":1790995301047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T11:38:39Z","timestamp":1703158719000},"page":"140996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Off-gassing from firefighter suits (nomex) as an indoor source of BTEXS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"350","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4339-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wioletta","family":"Rogula-Koz\u0142owska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Pi\u0105tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kozielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.877142","article-title":"Plasticizer contamination of firefighter personal protective clothing - a potential factor in increased health risks in firefighters","volume":"11","author":"Alexander","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2016.1183016","article-title":"Flame-retardant contamination of firefighter personal protective clothing - a potential health risk for firefighters","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145332","article-title":"Firefighter exposures to organic and inorganic gas emissions in emergency residential and industrial fires","volume":"770","author":"Alharbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.027","article-title":"Spatiotemporal description of BTEX volatile organic compounds in a middle eastern megacity: tehran study of exposure prediction for environmental health research (tehran SEPEHR)","volume":"226","author":"Amini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.070","article-title":"A case study of BTEX characteristics and health effects by major point sources of pollution during winter in Iran","volume":"247","author":"Baghani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib6","first-page":"114","article-title":"Source apportionment of indoor and outdoor volatile organic compounds at homes in Edmonton, Canada. Build","volume":"90","author":"Bari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1040","article-title":"Cohort mortality study of Philadelphia firefighters","volume":"39","author":"Baris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.890286","article-title":"Exposure of firefighters to particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"11","author":"Baxter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib9","series-title":"Styrene Produced in One Step. Industrial Organic Chemistry: New Catalyst Enables Single-step Synthesis of Styrene from Benzene and Ethylene","author":"Borman","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-018-0579-z","article-title":"Microbiological indoor air quality in an office building in Gliwice, Poland: analysis of the case study","volume":"11","author":"Br\u0105goszewska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.08.022","article-title":"Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California","volume":"135","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1039\/a906404d","article-title":"Monitoring the ambient environment with diffusive samplers: theory and practical considerations","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-2-00007.x","article-title":"Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air \u2013 a review","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102671","article-title":"Exposure-response relationships for select cancer and non-cancer health outcomes in a cohort of U.S. firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009)","volume":"72","author":"Daniels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101662","article-title":"Mortality and cancer incidence in a pooled cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009)","volume":"71","author":"Daniels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.02.065","article-title":"Characteristics and health effects of BTEX in a hot spot for urban pollution","volume":"155","author":"Dehghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.034","article-title":"Personal exposure of primary school children to BTEX, NO\u2082 and ozone in Eski\u015fehir, Turkey: relationship with indoor\/outdoor concentrations and risk assessment","author":"Demirel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.07.051","article-title":"Styrene emissions during gel-coating of composites","volume":"83","author":"Di Tomasso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7901","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247901","article-title":"Modification of glass\/polyester laminates with flame retardants","volume":"14","author":"Dowbysz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.1.2","article-title":"Benzene in the environment: an assessment of the potential risks to the health of the population","volume":"58","author":"Duarte-Davidson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.11.117","article-title":"Health risk assessment of BTEX emissions in the landfill environment","volume":"176","author":"Durmusoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110606354","article-title":"Health risk assessment of ambient air concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) in service station environments","volume":"11","author":"Edokpolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.06.004","article-title":"Health risk characterization for exposure to benzene in service stations and petroleum refineries environments using human adverse response data","volume":"2","author":"Edokpolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2017.1334904","article-title":"Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures","volume":"14","author":"Fent","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib25","first-page":"830","article-title":"Systemic exposure to PAHs and benzene in firefighters suppressing controlled structure fires","volume":"58","author":"Fent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105756","article-title":"Flame retardants, dioxins, and furans in air and on firefighters\u2019 protective ensembles during controlled residential firefighting","volume":"140","author":"Fent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0145-2","article-title":"Firefighters\u2019 absorption of PAHs and VOCs during controlled residential fires by job assignment and fire attack tactic","volume":"30","author":"Fent","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1021\/es001466k","article-title":"Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from fireplace combustion of woods grown in the northeastern United States","volume":"35","author":"Fine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.05.018","article-title":"Analysis of fire deaths in Poland and influence of smoke toxicity","volume":"277","author":"Giebu\u0142towicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib30","first-page":"761","article-title":"Mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of male paid Australian firefighters, Occup","volume":"73","author":"Glass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.02.035","article-title":"Indoor volatile organic compounds at an Australian university","volume":"135","author":"Goodman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1996.3686","article-title":"The central nervous system and exposure to toluene: a risk characterization","volume":"72","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.05.008","article-title":"Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong homes","volume":"46","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1039\/B614142K","article-title":"The impact of domestic wood burning on personal, indoor and outdoor levels of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde","volume":"9","author":"Gustafson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.02.042","article-title":"Preliminary assessment of BTEX concentrations in indoor air of residential buildings and atmospheric ambient air in Ardabil, Iran","volume":"132","author":"Hazrati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-020-01021-w","article-title":"Impact of repeated exposure and cleaning on protective properties of structural firefighting turnout gear","volume":"57","author":"Horn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2016.02.014","article-title":"Quantification of toxic hazard from fires in buildings","volume":"8","author":"Hull","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X08093948","article-title":"The impact of emissions from structures on indoor air concentrations in newly finished buildings - predicted and on-site measured levels","volume":"17","author":"J\u00e4rnstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indoor Built Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/environments4040087","article-title":"Diffusive uptake rates of volatile organic compounds on standard ATD tubes for environmental and workplace applications","volume":"4","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02850","article-title":"Elevated exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic outagens in Ottawa firefighters participating in emergency, on-shift fire suppression","volume":"51","author":"Keir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2015.1006638","article-title":"Structural fire fighting ensembles: accumulation and off-gassing of combustion products","volume":"12","author":"Kirk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623309356453","article-title":"Oxidative stress and oxidative damage in carcinogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Klaunig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-6-29","article-title":"Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physicochemical particle properties. Part","volume":"6","author":"Kocbach Bolling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-019-00777-7","article-title":"Investigation of indoor air quality in offices and residential homes in an urban area of Poland","volume":"13","author":"Kozielska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12010051","article-title":"Assessment of indoor benzene and its alkyl derivatives concentrations in offices belonging to university of technology (Poland)","volume":"12","author":"Kozielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib46","series-title":"Hazardous Waste Management","author":"LaGrega","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.06.864","article-title":"Fire fighting trainers' exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators","volume":"192","author":"Laitinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000246229.68697.90","article-title":"Cancer risk among firefighters: a review and meta-analysis of 32 studies","volume":"48","author":"LeMasters","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2013.01.0005","article-title":"Source apportionment of personal exposure to carbonyl compounds and BTEX at homes in Beijing, China","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aerosol. Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10965J","article-title":"Studies of toxic gas production during actual structural fires in the Dallas area","volume":"30","author":"Lowry","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.035","article-title":"The miniaturised emission chamber system and home-made passive flux sampler studies of monoaromatic hydrocarbons emissions from selected commercially-available floor coverings","volume":"123","author":"Mar\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1100\/2011\/167973","article-title":"Spatial variability and application of ratios between BTEX in two Canadian cities","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.10.142","article-title":"Impact of stress on cancer metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Moreno-Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1323(92)90034-M","article-title":"Indoor air quality (IAQ), pollutants, their sources and concentration levels","volume":"27","author":"Namie\u015bnik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1021\/es5055918","article-title":"High exposure of California firefighters to polybrominated diphenyl ethers","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123694","article-title":"Smoke toxicity of rainscreen fa\u00e7ades","volume":"403","author":"Peck","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2014.943353","article-title":"Indoor pollution and burning practices in wood stove management","volume":"64","author":"Piccardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101803","article-title":"Cancer incidence among firefighters: 45 years of follow-up in five Nordic countries","volume":"71","author":"Pukkala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2014.08.008","article-title":"Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishing materials using a cone calorimeter","volume":"69","author":"Reisen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11050470","article-title":"BTEXS concentrations and exposure assessment in a fire station","volume":"11","author":"Rogula-Koz\u0142owska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107255","article-title":"Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations","volume":"184","author":"Rogula-Koz\u0142owska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4988","DOI":"10.1021\/es505463g","article-title":"High levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in vacuum cleaner dust from California fire stations","volume":"49","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.10.003","article-title":"Environmental sampling of volatile organic compounds during the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California","volume":"103","author":"Simms","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. (China)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103646","article-title":"Advances in understanding benzene health effects and susceptibility","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001114","article-title":"Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study","volume":"59","author":"Sparer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib66","first-page":"79","article-title":"Fire toxicity \u2013 the elephant in the room? Fire","volume":"91","author":"Stec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saf. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20616-6","article-title":"Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elevated cancer incidence in firefighters","volume":"8","author":"Stec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370801975311","article-title":"Health impacts of fire smoke inhalation","volume":"20","author":"Stefanidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22466","article-title":"Risk of cancer among firefighters in California, 1988-2007","volume":"58","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib70","series-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A)","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib71","series-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I \u2013 Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remediation Goals)","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib72","series-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part D, Standardized Planning, Reporting, and Review of Superfund Risk Assessments)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib73","series-title":"EPA On-Line Tools for Site Assessment Calculation","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib75","series-title":"A Toxicological Review of the Products of Combustion","author":"Wakefield","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(87)90017-5","article-title":"Emissions of volatile organic compounds from building materials and consumer products","volume":"21","author":"Wallace","year":"1987","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80047-7","article-title":"The influence of personal activities on exposure to volatile organic compounds","volume":"50","author":"Wallace","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1997","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib78","article-title":"Pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheath for new and aged cables via thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) and calorimeter","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.01.013","article-title":"Impacts of a large boreal wildfire on ground level atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, VOCs and ozone","volume":"178","author":"Wentworth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx097","article-title":"Impact of fire suit ensembles on firefighter PAH exposures as assessed by skin deposition and urinary biomarkers","volume":"62","author":"Wingfors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Work. Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib81","series-title":"The Influence of Technical Fire Protection Systems on the Safety of Building Objects","author":"Wn\u0119k","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib82","series-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Vol. 98 Painting, Firefighting and Shiftwork","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib83","series-title":"IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans Vol. 132 Occupational Exposure as a Firefighter","first-page":"2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.01.018","article-title":"Screening-level estimates of indoor exposure to volatile organic compounds emitted from building materials","volume":"75","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib85","first-page":"383","article-title":"Organic compounds in indoor environments","volume":"15","author":"Zabiega\u0142a","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996_bib74","unstructured":"U.S. EPA, 2016b. IRIS. IRIS Advanced Search. Available online: https:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/ncea\/iris\/search\/index.cfm. (Accessed 18 May 2022)."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523032666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653523032666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1771911896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653523032666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0045653523032666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Off-gassing from firefighter suits (nomex) as an indoor source of BTEXS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140996","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"140996"}}