{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:02:23Z","timestamp":1788818543827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00028\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00028\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPR51209X1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPR51209X1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/S022791\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S022791\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012363","name":"Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010897","name":"Newton Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:22:14Z","timestamp":1739859734000},"page":"144213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["M8OI toxicity is associated with an inhibition of ubiquinone reduction by complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"374","author":[{"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Abdelghany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9381-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Bosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair C.","family":"Leitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad A.","family":"Aljehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar H.","family":"Alkhathami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen A.","family":"Hedya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3663-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka K.","family":"Bronowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8667-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3167-6743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111593","article-title":"Emerging risk from \"environmentally-friendly\" solvents: interaction of methylimidazolium ionic liquids with the mitochondrial electron transport chain is a key initiation event in their mammalian toxicity","volume":"145","author":"Abdelghany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114681","article-title":"Undifferentiated HepaRG cells show reduced sensitivity to the toxic effects of M8OI through a combination of CYP3A7-mediated oxidation and a reduced reliance on mitochondrial function","volume":"188","author":"Abdelghany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142827","article-title":"Methylimidazolium ionic liquids - a new class of forever chemicals with endocrine disrupting potential","volume":"363","author":"Abdelghany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib4","series-title":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","author":"Alberts","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010424","article-title":"Cell-permeable succinate rescues mitochondrial respiration in cellular models of statin toxicity","volume":"22","author":"Avram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111786","article-title":"Cell-permeable succinate rescues mitochondrial respiration in cellular models of amiodarone toxicity","volume":"22","author":"Be\u021biu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib7","unstructured":"BioSolveIT GmbH. SeeSAR version 13.0.4. www.biosolveit.de\/SeeSAR."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15735","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413855111","article-title":"Kinetic evidence against partitioning of the ubiquinone pool and the catalytic relevance of respiratory-chain supercomplexes","volume":"111","author":"Blaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18950-3","article-title":"Structure of inhibitor-bound mammalian complex I","volume":"11","author":"Bridges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.09.022","article-title":"Role of the bicarbonate-responsive soluble adenylyl cyclase in cholangiocyte apoptosis in primary biliary cholangitis; a new hypothesis","volume":"1864","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30506-1","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures define ubiquinone-10 binding to mitochondrial complex I and conformational transitions accompanying Q-site occupancy","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2021.183716","article-title":"Apoptosis regulation at the mitochondria membrane level","volume":"1863","author":"Dadsena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.12.005","article-title":"The superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate has antagonistic effects on apoptosis by triggering both cytochrome c release and caspase inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Dumay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.05.024","article-title":"Mitochondrial supercomplexes do not enhance catalysis by quinone channeling","volume":"28","author":"Fedor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02056-X","article-title":"Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reduces uric acid levels and modifies the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose","volume":"20","author":"Fields","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.196097","article-title":"Multiple faces of succinate beyond metabolism in blood","volume":"103","author":"Grimolizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-022-00722-w","article-title":"The coupling mechanism of mammalian mitochondrial complex I","volume":"29","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib18","series-title":"Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine","author":"Halliwell","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2022.105550","article-title":"The methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI is a substrate for OCT1 and p-glycoprotein-1 in rat","volume":"88","author":"Hedya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2020-0254","article-title":"Apoptosis inducing factor and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases: redox-controlled gear boxes to switch between mitochondrial biogenesis and cell death","volume":"402","author":"Herrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315259","article-title":"The British Society of Gastroenterology\/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines","volume":"67","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2013.07.018","article-title":"A spectrophotometric coupled enzyme assay to measure the activity of succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"442","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201507332","article-title":"A self-assembled respiratory chain that catalyzes NADH oxidation by ubiquinone-10 cycling between complex I and the alternative oxidase","volume":"55","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8324-0","article-title":"The immunophysiology and apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells: primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"43","author":"Kawata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.043","article-title":"The FTMap family of web servers for determining and characterizing ligand-binding hot spots of proteins","volume":"10","author":"Kozakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510977103","article-title":"The mechanism of superoxide production by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from bovine heart mitochondria","volume":"103","author":"Kussmaul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.111069","article-title":"The toxicity of the methylimidazolium ionic liquids, with a focus on M8OI and hepatic effects","volume":"136","author":"Leitch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110902","article-title":"Renal injury and hepatic effects from the methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI in mouse","volume":"202","author":"Leitch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152854","article-title":"The methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI is detectable in human sera and is subject to biliary excretion in perfused human liver","volume":"459","author":"Leitch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1273","article-title":"Aging decreases electron transport complex III activity in heart interfibrillar mitochondria by alteration of the cytochrome c binding site","volume":"33","author":"Lesnefsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126257","article-title":"High-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantitative for alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids in human serum: advancing biomonitoring of human exposure concerns","volume":"276","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081386","article-title":"How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species","volume":"417","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib33","series-title":"Bioenergetics","author":"Nicholls","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10539","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04778","article-title":"Ionic liquids: new emerging pollutants, similarities with perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs)","volume":"53","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C129","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00539.2019","article-title":"Ex vivo use of cell-permeable succinate prodrug attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in blood cells obtained from carbon monoxide-poisoned individuals","volume":"319","author":"Owiredu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera--a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-018-0186-1","article-title":"Bioenergetic bypass using cell-permeable succinate, but not methylene blue, attenuates metformin-induced lactate production","volume":"6","author":"Piel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft258","article-title":"Utility of B-13 progenitor-derived hepatocytes in hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity studies","volume":"137","author":"Probert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tx00214h","article-title":"An expandable donor-free supply of functional hepatocytes for Toxicology","volume":"4","author":"Probert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.027","article-title":"Identification of a xenobiotic as a potential environmental trigger in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"69","author":"Probert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-00981-5","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporters facilitate succinate uptake into brown adipocytes","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.09.012","article-title":"Activation of apoptosis signalling pathways by reactive oxygen species","volume":"1863","author":"Redza-Dutordoir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.018","article-title":"Comprehensive measurement of respiratory activity in permeabilized cells using extracellular flux analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salabei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-012-9626-2","article-title":"A consistent description of HYdrogen bond and DEhydration energies in protein-ligand complexes: methods behind the HYDE scoring function","volume":"27","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.2.147","article-title":"Inhibition of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase induces cell growth, hypertrophic phenotype, and apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Siwik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts310","article-title":"DoGSiteScorer: a web server for automatic binding site prediction, analysis and druggability assessment","volume":"28","author":"Volkamer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-018-0419-2","article-title":"Ionic liquids: a brief history","volume":"10","author":"Welton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c00274","article-title":"Reverse electron transfer by respiratory complex I catalyzed in a modular proteoliposome system","volume":"144","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14250","DOI":"10.1021\/bi7017915","article-title":"Transhydrogenation reactions catalyzed by mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I)","volume":"46","author":"Yakovlev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19095","article-title":"Structure of mammalian respiratory complex I","volume":"536","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525001559?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525001559?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T02:55:35Z","timestamp":1762224935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653525001559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0045653525001559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"M8OI toxicity is associated with an inhibition of ubiquinone reduction by complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144213","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144213"}}