{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:42:16Z","timestamp":1793853736273,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T06:55:40Z","timestamp":1740639340000},"page":"144227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nationwide suspect screening of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) and other controlled substances in Taiwan wastewater using liquid chromatography\u2013High resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"375","author":[{"given":"Yuan-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7830-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiau-Jun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ju","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pao-Chi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4299","article-title":"Points of significance: clustering","volume":"14","author":"Altman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00365","article-title":"Exploring the potential of a global emerging contaminant early warning network through the use of retrospective suspect screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"52","author":"Alygizakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.885982","article-title":"Trend analysis of anonymised pooled urine from portable street urinals in central London identifies variation in the use of novel psychoactive substances","volume":"52","author":"Archer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133955","article-title":"Workflow to facilitate the detection of new psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse in influent urban wastewater","volume":"469","author":"Bade","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.107","article-title":"Illicit and pharmaceutical drug consumption estimated via wastewater analysis. Part A: chemical analysis and drug use estimates","volume":"487","author":"Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MACH.0000033116.57574.95","article-title":"Correlation clustering","volume":"56","author":"Bansal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.07.001","article-title":"Positive and negative aspects of participation in illicit drug research: implications for recruitment and ethical conduct","volume":"18","author":"Barratt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.01.056","article-title":"Target and suspect screening of psychoactive substances in sewage-based samples by UHPLC-QTOF","volume":"914","author":"Baz-Lomba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051495j","article-title":"Large-scale human metabolomics studies: a strategy for data (pre-) processing and validation","volume":"78","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07514","article-title":"De facto water reuse: investigating the fate and transport of chemicals of emerging concern from wastewater discharge through drinking water treatment using non-targeted analysis and suspect screening","volume":"58","author":"Brunelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.07.017","article-title":"Identification of cocaine and its metabolites in urban wastewater and comparison with the human excretion profile in urine","volume":"45","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.10.034","article-title":"Testing wastewater to detect illicit drugs: state of the art, potential and research needs","volume":"487","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122087","article-title":"Detection of emerging patterns of drug misuse in sports via wastewater monitoring: a mini-review and potential strategies","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.003","article-title":"Differences in prevalence, socio-behavioral correlates, and psychosocial distress between club drug and hard drug use in Taiwan: results from the 2014 National Survey of Substance Use","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c03557","article-title":"Post-Deconvolution MS\/MS spectra extraction with data-independent acquisition for comprehensive profiling of urinary glucuronide-conjugated metabolome","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5040","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135040","article-title":"Investigation of new psychoactive substances (NPS), other illicit drugs, and drug-related compounds in a Taiwanese wastewater sample using high-resolution mass-spectrometry-based targeted and suspect screening","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2001-0791.ch020","article-title":"Illicit drugs in municipal sewage","volume":"791","author":"Daughton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmaceut. Care Product. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106630","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive characterisation of the human internal chemical exposome: challenges and perspectives","volume":"156","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.173","article-title":"Wide-scope target and suspect screening methodologies to investigate the occurrence of new psychoactive substances in influent wastewater from Athens","volume":"685","author":"Diamanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib20","volume":"vol. 69","author":"Dunteman","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000604","article-title":"New psychoactive substances in Taiwan: challenges and strategies","volume":"33","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib22","series-title":"Drug Abuse Cases and Inspection Statistics in December 2023","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.231","article-title":"Evaluation of in-sewer transformation of selected illicit drugs and pharmaceutical biomarkers","volume":"609","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5146","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105146","article-title":"Pseudoephedrine\u2014benefits and risks","volume":"22","author":"G\u0142owacka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.01.046","article-title":"Determination of drugs of abuse in water by solid-phase extraction, derivatisation and gas chromatography\u2013ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1217","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mari\u00f1o","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14767","article-title":"Spatio\u2010temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring","volume":"115","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Mari\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427437","article-title":"Relative abuse liability of diazepam and oxazepam: behavioral and subjective dose effects","volume":"84","author":"Griffiths","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21525","article-title":"Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater","volume":"37","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117789","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology for illicit drugs: a critical review on global data","volume":"207","author":"Huizer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1021\/es503944e","article-title":"Impacts of emerging contaminants on surrounding aquatic environment from a youth festival","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.09.004","article-title":"Modeling sources of self-report bias in a survey of drug use epidemiology","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2013.01.003","article-title":"Need drugs, will travel?: the distances to crime of illegal drug buyers","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crim. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.041","article-title":"Illicit drug use is increasing among non-medical users of prescription drugs\u2014results from population-based surveys 2002\u20132014","volume":"178","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.6.425","article-title":"Analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine ecgonine methyl ester, and ecgonine by high-pressure liquid chromatography-API mass spectrometry and application to a short-term degradation study of cocaine in plasma","volume":"25","author":"Klingmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162613","article-title":"Target and suspect screening of (new) psychoactive substances in South Korean wastewater by LC-HRMS","volume":"875","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.02.054","article-title":"Analysis of the impurities in the methamphetamine synthesized by three different methods from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.09.003","article-title":"The trend of drug abuse in Taiwan during the years 1999 to 2011","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2038793","article-title":"Emergency department visits due to new psychoactive substances and other illicit drugs in Taiwan: preliminary results of the Taiwan Emergency Department Drug Abuse Surveillance (TEDAS) project","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173313","article-title":"Evaluation of spatial and temporal changes in illicit drug use in the Taipei metropolitan area via wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"934","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz030","article-title":"HighResNPS. com: an online crowd-sourced HR-MS database for suspect and non-targeted screening of new psychoactive substances","volume":"43","author":"Mardal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801923710","article-title":"The rise of methamphetamine in Southeast and East Asia","volume":"27","author":"McKetin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib43","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Experience of patients with heroin addiction receiving methadone maintenance treatment in community settings in Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Meng-Hsiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib44","series-title":"List of NPSs Detected in Taiwan from 2008 to 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10312","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4021598","article-title":"Alleviating the reference standard dilemma using a systematic exact mass suspect screening approach with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"85","author":"Moschet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.019","article-title":"Multi-drug cocktails: impurities in commonly used illicit drugs seized by police in Queensland, Australia","volume":"201","author":"Peck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142688","article-title":"Rapid determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater by direct infusion HRMS using target and suspect screening analysis","volume":"755","author":"Perkons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00236","article-title":"Synthetic aminoindanes: a summary of existing knowledge","volume":"8","author":"Pinterova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152139","article-title":"Retrospective suspect and non-target screening combined with similarity measures to prioritize MDMA and amphetamine synthesis markers in wastewater","volume":"811","author":"Reymond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.08.060","article-title":"Comprehensive MS\/MS profiling by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS using SWATH data-independent acquisition for the study of platelet lipidomes in coronary artery disease","volume":"1046","author":"Schlotterbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1021\/es5002105","article-title":"Identifying small molecules via high resolution mass spectrometry: communicating confidence","volume":"48","author":"Schymanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib52","first-page":"1","article-title":"A world of wastewater-based epidemiology","author":"Singer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.06.069","article-title":"Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis","volume":"432","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135020","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor 68 NPS\/conventional drug use in Taipei metropolitan area in Taiwan during and after COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"476","author":"Ting","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3393","article-title":"MS-DIAL: data-independent MS\/MS deconvolution for comprehensive metabolome analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tsugawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib56","series-title":"World Drug Report 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200049327","article-title":"Validity of adolescent self-report of substance use","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib58","first-page":"165","article-title":"Impact of supply-side policies for control of illicit drugs in the face of the AIDS and overdose epidemics: investigation of a massive heroin seizure","volume":"168","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1021\/ac203191t","article-title":"High resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"84","author":"Xian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.068","article-title":"Occurrence of illicit drugs in water and wastewater and their removal during wastewater treatment","volume":"124","author":"Yadav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib61","first-page":"1","article-title":"The correlation between NPS and polysubstance use in high-risk population: a five-year longitudinal study in Taiwan","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3225","article-title":"New psychoactive substances in Taiwan: the current situation and initiative for rational scheduling","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09818-6","article-title":"A global systematic review and meta-analysis on illicit drug consumption rate through wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Zarei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-4-14","article-title":"Cocaine in surface waters: a new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse","volume":"4","author":"Zuccato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525001699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525001699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T05:39:44Z","timestamp":1742362784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653525001699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0045653525001699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nationwide suspect screening of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) and other controlled substances in Taiwan wastewater using liquid chromatography\u2013High resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144227","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144227"}}