{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:19:09Z","timestamp":1782724749819,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Korea Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020554","name":"Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T14:51:06Z","timestamp":1744383066000},"page":"144405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cesium removal from contaminated montmorillonite using ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and Freezing-Thawing process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"Seok Hoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupendra Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wooyong","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1021\/es0156892","article-title":"Cesium adsorption on clay minerals: an EXAFS spectroscopic investigation","volume":"36","author":"Bostick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1021\/es903645a","article-title":"Connecting the molecular scale to the continuum scale for diffusion processes in smectite-rich porous media","volume":"44","author":"Bourg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1021\/j100230a024","article-title":"Cesium and rubidium ion equilibriums in illite clay","volume":"87","author":"Brouwer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2019.105190","article-title":"Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether adsorption by interlayer montmorilonite-organic matter complexes: dependence on the organic matter content and its alkyl chain length","volume":"180","author":"Bu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib5","article-title":"Connecticut yankee decommissioning experience report","volume":"1013511","author":"Bushart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electric Power Res. Inst. EPRI Tech. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-196511000-00011","article-title":"Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether for determining surface area of silicate minerals","volume":"100","author":"Carter","year":"1965","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2017.064065","article-title":"Baseline studies of the clay minerals society source clay montmorillonite STx-1b","volume":"65","author":"Castellini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117340","article-title":"A review on emerging composite materials for cesium adsorption and environmental remediation on the latest decade","volume":"251","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b04171","article-title":"Preparation of montmorillonite nanosheets through freezing\/thawing and ultrasonic exfoliation","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1524\/ract.1998.82.special-issue.275","article-title":"Cesium sorption studies on Spanish clay materials","volume":"82","author":"de Llano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib12","series-title":"Alcohol-Water Interactions on Montmorillonite Surfaces: II Ethylene Glycol","author":"Dowdy","year":"1968"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1021\/es990657o","article-title":"Adsorption of cesium by synthetic clay\u2212 organic matter complexes: effect of the nature of organic polymers","volume":"34","author":"Dumat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.03.032","article-title":"Biotic and abiotic degradation behaviour of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)","volume":"39","author":"Fischer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10398","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01884","article-title":"Prediction of intrinsic cesium desorption from Na-smectite in mixed cation solutions","volume":"49","author":"Fukushi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10743","DOI":"10.1021\/es502758s","article-title":"Desorption of intrinsic cesium from smectite: inhibitive effects of clay particle organization on cesium desorption","volume":"48","author":"Fukushi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381421","article-title":"Experimental human exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether","volume":"61","author":"Groeseneken","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8043(94)90107-4","article-title":"Sorption and desorption behavior of cesium on soil components","volume":"45","author":"Hsu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"issue":"5555","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066611","article-title":"Mineral surface control of organic carbon in black shale","volume":"295","author":"Kennedy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113782","article-title":"Functionalized layered double hydroxides composite bio-adsorbent for efficient copper (II) ion encapsulation from wastewater","volume":"300","author":"Khandaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.128984","article-title":"Innovative potassium hexacyanoferrate intercalated into layered double hydroxide adsorbent for efficient cesium removal from seawater","volume":"354","author":"Khandaker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2009.08.006","article-title":"Development of a washing system for soil contaminated with radionuclides around TRIGA reactors","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2011.04.009","article-title":"Development of pilot-scale electrokinetic remediation technology for uranium removal","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00452-1","article-title":"133Cs NMR and XPS investigation of cesium adsorbed on clay minerals and related phases","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2003.12.025","article-title":"Reversibility of radiocaesium sorption on illite","volume":"68","author":"Koning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.05.019","article-title":"Selective and irreversible adsorption mechanism of cesium on illite","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-2109-1","article-title":"Cation exchange, interlayer spacing, and thermal analysis of Na\/Ca-Montmorillonite modified with alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions","volume":"110","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1021\/es026221h","article-title":"Effect of temperature on Cs+ sorption and desorption in subsurface sediments at the Hanford Site, USA","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00267-9","article-title":"Desorption kinetics of radiocesium from subsurface sediments at Hanford Site, USA","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0765.2008.00262.x","article-title":"Characterization of the frayed edge site of micaceous minerals in soil clays influenced by different pedogenetic conditions in Japan and northern Thailand","volume":"54","author":"Nakao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib31","series-title":"Maine Yankee Decommissioning \u2013 Experience Report 2006. Detailed Experiences 1997 \u2013 2004","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.1987.0350108","article-title":"Fourier-transform infrared study of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether adsorbed on montmorillonite: implications for surface area measurements of clays","volume":"35","author":"Nguyen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2018.03.011","article-title":"Radiocesium interaction with clay minerals: theory and simulation advances Post\u2013Fukushima","volume":"189","author":"Okumura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7566\/JPSJ.82.033802","article-title":"Mechanism of strong affinity of clay minerals to radioactive cesium:first-principles calculation study for adsorption of cesium at frayed edge sites in muscovite","volume":"82","author":"Okumura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.7733\/jnfcwt.2021.19.1.39","article-title":"Behaviors of desorption agents during removal of Cs from clay minerals and actual soil","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Fuel Cycle Waste Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.02.061","article-title":"Selective adsorption and irreversible fixation behavior of cesium onto 2: 1 layered clay mineral: a mini review","volume":"369","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1021\/es981208b","article-title":"Effect of the ionic status and drying on radiocesium adsorption and desorption in organic soils","volume":"33","author":"Rigol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00405-7","article-title":"TOF-SIMS study of Cs+ sorption on natural kaolinite","volume":"226","author":"Shahwan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3635-8","article-title":"Phytoremediation: role of terrestrial plants and aquatic macrophytes in the remediation of radionuclides and heavy metal contaminated soil and water","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109604050","article-title":"Urinary 2-methoxy acetic acid accumulation in response to 2-methoxy ethanol exposure","volume":"56","author":"Shih","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/min13020239","article-title":"Application of clay materials for sorption of radionuclides from waste solutions","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Key progress on chemistry and analysis of 238U, 99Tc, and 137Cs Radionuclides","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kor. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib43","series-title":"The Chemistry of Clay\u2013Organic Reactions","author":"Theng","year":"1974"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/SR9900001","article-title":"Limitations of EGME retention to estimate the surface area of soils","volume":"28","author":"Tiller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-019-9492-4","article-title":"Synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their application in efficient removal of radionuclides","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2003.10.001","article-title":"Desorption of cesium from kaolinite and illite using alkylammonium salts","volume":"25","author":"Willms","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10594","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201103286","article-title":"Capture of radioactive cesium and iodide ions from water by using titanate nanofibers and nanotubes","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13886","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04922","article-title":"Effects of NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ on the cesium adsorption\/desorption in binding sites of vermiculitized biotite","volume":"51","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1180\/0009855064140222","article-title":"Prediction of cation exchange capacity from soil index properties","volume":"41","author":"Yukselen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clay Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/51.351.1635","article-title":"Plant uptake of radiocaesium: a review of mechanisms, regulation and application","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2016.03.011","article-title":"Occurrence of stable and mobile organic matter in the clay-sized fraction of shale: significance for petroleum geology and carbon cycle","volume":"160\u2013161","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525003480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525003480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T02:55:06Z","timestamp":1762224906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653525003480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0045653525003480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cesium removal from contaminated montmorillonite using ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and Freezing-Thawing process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144405","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144405"}}