{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:37:42Z","timestamp":1792715862498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T10:27:55Z","timestamp":1752575275000},"page":"144562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Environmental contaminants and the HPA axis: Advances in adrenocortical hormone research in cetaceans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"385","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layane Joyce Rosa","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Ann","family":"Hauser-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elane Guerreiro","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2009.00326.x","article-title":"A novel non\u2010invasive tool for disease surveillance of free\u2010ranging whales and its relevance to conservation programs","volume":"13","author":"Acevedo\u2010Whitehouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Conserv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib2","article-title":"Environmental pollution by heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystems of Egypt","volume":"3","author":"Al Naggar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Acc. J. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib3","first-page":"782","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) as persistent contaminants: origin, behavior in the environment and analytical strategies","volume":"41","author":"Annuncia\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib4","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals","first-page":"375","article-title":"Endocrine systems","author":"Atkinson","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-015-0901-0","article-title":"Stress physiology in marine mammals: how well do they fit the terrestrial model?","volume":"185","author":"Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-016-1029-6","article-title":"Beyond thermoregulation: metabolic function of cetacean blubber in migrating bowhead and beluga whales","volume":"187","author":"Ball","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119670","article-title":"Global PBDE contamination in cetaceans. A critical review","volume":"308","author":"Bartalini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa032","article-title":"Measuring and validating concentrations of steroid hormones in the skin of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","volume":"8","author":"Bechshoft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0049","article-title":"Validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques to measure serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S in narwhals (Monodon monoceros)","volume":"54","author":"B\u00e9land","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.04.006","article-title":"The adrenal gland in stress\u2013adaptation on a cellular level","volume":"190","author":"Berger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12424","article-title":"Fecal cortisol radioimmunoassay to monitor adrenal gland activity in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) under human care","volume":"33","author":"Biancani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v10i17.23561","article-title":"Physiological aspects of stress: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Boff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.05.017","article-title":"In search of relationships between the acute adrenocortical response and fitness","volume":"157","author":"Breuner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.07.026","article-title":"Adrenal responses of large whales: integrating fecal aldosterone as a complementary biomarker to glucocorticoids","volume":"252","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28200-8","article-title":"Quantifying hormones in exhaled breath for physiological assessment of large whales at sea","volume":"8","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib19","article-title":"A blubber gene expression index for evaluating stress in marine mammals","volume":"8","author":"Busqueta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.033","article-title":"Assessment of climate change impact on the fates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the multimedia environment based on model prediction","volume":"470","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113540","article-title":"Corticosterone in central North Pacific male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): pairing sighting histories with endocrine markers to assess stress","volume":"296","author":"Cates","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2018.05.015","article-title":"Comprehensive endocrine response to acute stress in the bottlenose dolphin from serum, blubber, and feces","volume":"266","author":"Champagne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12352","article-title":"Blubber cortisol qualitatively reflects circulating cortisol concentrations in bottlenose dolphins","volume":"33","author":"Champagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib24","first-page":"42","article-title":"Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in assessing the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"7","author":"Charoensri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030566","article-title":"Release of perfluoroalkyl substances from melting glacier of the Tibetan Plateau: insights into the impact of global warming on the cycling of emerging pollutants","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib26","first-page":"91","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of persistent organochlorine contaminants in cetaceans","volume":"146","author":"Colborn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo4030790","article-title":"Chemical analysis of whale breath volatiles: a case study for non-invasive field health diagnostics of marine mammals","volume":"4","author":"Cumeras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.12.028","article-title":"Climate change influence on POPs distribution and fate: a case study","volume":"67","author":"Dalla Valle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200274050793","article-title":"Heavy metals\" a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"74","author":"Duffus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.688367","article-title":"DHEA as a biomarker of stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Dutheil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib32","series-title":"Marine Mammal Ecotoxicology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in marine mammals","author":"Fair","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012299","article-title":"Thar she blows! A novel method for DNA collection from cetacean blow","volume":"5","author":"Fr\u00e8re","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.588835","article-title":"Do dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) play a role in the stress response in domestic animals?","volume":"7","author":"Gabai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.083","article-title":"Examining the relationships between blubber steroid hormones and persistent organic pollutants in common bottlenose dolphins","volume":"249","author":"Galligan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145259","article-title":"Persistence, bioaccumulation and vertical transfer of pollutants in long-finned pilot whales stranded in Chilean Patagonia","volume":"770","author":"Garcia-Cegarra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.110822","article-title":"Concentration of trace elements in long-finned pilot whales stranded in northern Patagonia, Chile","volume":"151","author":"Garcia-Cegarra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01858.x","article-title":"Noninvasive methodology for the sampling and extraction of DNA from free\u2010ranging Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis)","volume":"7","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib39","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Hall","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-015-0204-1","article-title":"Trace element concentrations in liver of 16 species of cetaceans stranded on Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2013","volume":"70","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib41","first-page":"147","article-title":"Geographic variation in polychorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide concentrations in the blubber of bottlenose dolphins from the US Atlantic coast","volume":"319","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127432","article-title":"Adrenal hormones in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): influential factors and reference intervals","volume":"10","author":"Hart","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092070306","article-title":"Gross anatomy of the respiratory system of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus","volume":"207","author":"Henry","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.10.058","article-title":"Determination of testosterone in saliva and blow of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"814","author":"Hogg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2008.00277.x","article-title":"Determination of steroid hormones in whale blow: it is possible","volume":"25","author":"Hogg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7962","DOI":"10.1021\/es104326w","article-title":"Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic biota: an updated review: PFCs in aquatic biota","volume":"45","author":"Houde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.09.003","article-title":"Steroid hormones and persistent organic pollutants in plasma from North-Eastern Atlantic pilot whales","volume":"159","author":"Hoydal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.01.085","article-title":"A human exposure based mixture of persistent organic pollutants affects the stress response in female mice and their offspring","volume":"197","author":"Hudecova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.03.012","article-title":"Analysis of fecal glucocorticoids in the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)","volume":"148","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cow014","article-title":"Longitudinal progesterone profiles in baleen from female North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) match known calving history","volume":"4","author":"Hunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conserv. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib54","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of metals in tissues of marine animals, part I: the role and impact of heavy metals on organisms","volume":"20","author":"Jakimska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8057","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climate change: a worst-case combination for arctic marine mammals and seabirds?","volume":"114","author":"Jenssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18573","article-title":"PCB pollution continues to impact populations of orcas and other dolphins in European waters","volume":"6","author":"Jepson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib57","series-title":"Breeding Dolphin: Present Status, Suggestion for the Future","first-page":"269","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour patterns of circulating androgens and cortisol in male dolphins","author":"Judd","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.11.018","article-title":"Cortisol and DHEA in development and psychopathology","volume":"89","author":"Kamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.1978.tb02903.x","article-title":"Isolation and primary structure of adrenocorticotropin from several species of whale","volume":"12","author":"Kawauchi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Protein Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115257","article-title":"Blubber cortisol: a potential tool for assessing stress response in free-ranging dolphins without effects due to sampling","volume":"10","author":"Kellar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133683","article-title":"Mercury in cetaceans: exposure, bioaccumulation and toxicity","volume":"694","author":"Kershaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib63","series-title":"Berne Y Levy. Fisiolog\u00eda","author":"Koeppen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.803173","article-title":"Functional roles and ecological importance of small cetaceans in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"9","author":"Kiszka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64123-6.00004-7","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis and stress","volume":"175","author":"Leistner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2021.105558","article-title":"The atmospheric travel distance of persistent organic pollutants-revisit and application in climate change impact on long-rang transport potential","volume":"255","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-015-0218-8","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutant determination in killer whale SCAT samples: optimization of a gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry method and application to field samples","volume":"70","author":"Lundin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib68","series-title":"Aldosterone-Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Cell Biology to Translational Medicine","article-title":"MicroRNAs in aldosterone production and action","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.08.004","article-title":"The ratio of cortisol\/DHEA in treatment resistant depression","volume":"34","author":"Markopoulou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250331","article-title":"Reference intervals and values for fecal cortisol, aldosterone, and the ratio of cortisol to dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites in four species of cetaceans","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19338","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2208-7","article-title":"The possible effects of anthropogenic acoustic pollution on marine mammals' reproduction: an emerging threat to animal extinction","volume":"25","author":"Nabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.10.012","article-title":"Climate change and environmental concentrations of POPs: a review","volume":"143","author":"Nadal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030449","article-title":"The value of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate measurements in the assessment of adrenal function","volume":"88","author":"Nasrallah","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.02.006","article-title":"The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warming world","volume":"35","author":"Noyes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12254","article-title":"Androgen and glucocorticoid production in the male killer whale (Orcinus orca): influence of age, maturity, and environmental factors","volume":"5","author":"O'Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200375112099","article-title":"Critical evaluation of observed adverse effects of endocrine active substances on reproduction and development, the immune system, and the nervous system","volume":"75","author":"O'Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.11.021","article-title":"Non-invasive measurement of glucocorticoids: advances and problems","volume":"199","author":"Palme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20192","article-title":"A review of cetacean lung morphology and mechanics","volume":"274","author":"Piscitelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.12.006","article-title":"Testosterone and progesterone concentrations in blow samples are biologically relevant in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)","volume":"246","author":"Richard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.179","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular biomarkers in integument biopsies of free-ranging coastal bottlenose dolphins from southern Brazil","volume":"225","author":"Righetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.02.002","article-title":"Assessing reproductive status of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) using fecal hormone metabolites","volume":"142","author":"Rolland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1737","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib84","first-page":"2363","article-title":"Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales","volume":"279","author":"Rolland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1139\/f04-055","article-title":"Anthropogenic sound and marine mammal health: measures of the nervous and immune systems before and after intense sound exposure","volume":"61","author":"Romano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.46867\/IJCP.2007.20.02.15","article-title":"Endocrinology of stress","volume":"20","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Comp. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib87","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-011-9651-5","article-title":"Associations between mercury and hepatic, renal, endocrine, and hematological parameters in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the eastern coast of Florida and South Carolina","volume":"61","author":"Schaefer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00163","article-title":"Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: possibilities of a new breath test in a dolphin model","volume":"4","author":"Schivo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib90","first-page":"635","article-title":"Baseline, diurnal variations, and stress\u2010induced changes of stress hormones in three captive beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas","volume":"26","author":"Schmitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.03.002","article-title":"Health effects from long-range transported contaminants in Arctic top predators: an integrated review based on studies of polar bears and relevant model species","volume":"36","author":"Sonne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/17518369.2018.1463065","article-title":"Determining the species assemblage and habitat use of cetaceans in the Svalbard Archipelago, based on observations from 2002 to 2014","volume":"37","author":"Storrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polar Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(87)90397-3","article-title":"Reduction in the testosterone levels by PCBs and DDE in Dall's porpoises of northwestern North Pacific","volume":"18","author":"Subramanian","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.05.013","article-title":"Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine environment: results from the environmental specimen bank (es-BANK) of Ehime University, Japan","volume":"64","author":"Tanabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mole. Clin. Environ. Toxicol.: Vol 3 Environ. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1139\/f86-125","article-title":"Cortisol, aldosterone, and leucocytes in the stress response of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus","volume":"43","author":"Thomson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114062","article-title":"Blow collection as a non-invasive method for measuring cortisol in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)","volume":"9","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib102","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on cetacean distribution, habitat and migration","volume":"1","author":"Van Weelden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim. Change Ecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081381","article-title":"Beyond glucocorticoids: integrating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into animal welfare research","volume":"10","author":"Whitham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106303","article-title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls are associated with reduced testes weights in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)","volume":"150","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00347-6","article-title":"A killer appetite: metabolic consequences of carnivory in marine mammals. Comparative biochemistry and physiology Part A","volume":"129","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mole. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.11.014","article-title":"Do persistent organic pollutants interact with the stress response? Individual compounds, and their mixtures, interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"241","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2003.2298","article-title":"Control of behavioural strategies for capricious environments","volume":"66","author":"Wingfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562_bib108","series-title":"Fecal Hormone Metabolites as Indicators of Stress in the Southern and Northern Resident Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Populations in Coastal Waters of British Columbia","author":"Yehle","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525005065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525005065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:39:56Z","timestamp":1792712396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653525005065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0045653525005065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Environmental contaminants and the HPA axis: Advances in adrenocortical hormone research in cetaceans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144562","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144562"}}