{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:56:03Z","timestamp":1781772963857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T20:56:10Z","timestamp":1767128170000},"page":"144813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Box-modelling of HOx in Mexico City"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"394","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah","family":"Jeba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3008-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Rappengl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzina","family":"Akther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morshad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Retama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Rivera-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139499","article-title":"Source apportionment of gaseous Nitrophenols and their contribution to HONO formation in an urban area","volume":"338","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2025.121623","article-title":"Box-modeling of O3 and its sensitivity towards VOCs and NOx in Mexico City under altered emission conditions","volume":"363","author":"Akther","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.137978","article-title":"Ozone precursors and boundary layer meteorology before and during a severe ozone episode in Mexico city","volume":"318","author":"Akther","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib4","article-title":"OH formation by HONO photolysis during the BERLIOZ experiment","volume":"108","author":"Alicke","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib5","article-title":"Impact of nitrous acid photolysis on the total hydroxyl radical budget during the Limitation of Oxidant Productioh\/Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono study in Milan","volume":"107","author":"Alicke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"5226","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5226.953","article-title":"Urban leakage of liquefied petroleum gas and its impact on Mexico City air quality","volume":"269","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-10287-2023","article-title":"OH, HO2, and RO2 radical chemistry in a rural forest environment: measurements, model comparisons, and evidence of a missing radical sink","volume":"23","author":"Bottorff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50807","article-title":"CMAQ modeling and analysis of radicals, radical precursors, and chemical transformations","volume":"118","author":"Czader","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-6939-2012","article-title":"Modeling nitrous acid and its impact on ozone and hydroxyl radical during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006","volume":"12","author":"Czader","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib10","series-title":"Photooxidation of Trace Gases in the Troposphere Plenary Lecture","author":"Ehhalt","year":"2000"},{"issue":"5353","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5353.1002","article-title":"Radical ideas","volume":"279","author":"Ehhalt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40503-019-0072-6","article-title":"Pollution and the choice of where to work and live within Mexico City","volume":"28","author":"Fontenla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Latin American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-1-2019","article-title":"The significant contribution of HONO to secondary pollutants during a severe winter pollution event in southern China","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2003.18","article-title":"Atmospheric chemistry and air pollution","volume":"3","author":"Gaffney","year":"2003","journal-title":"TheScientificWorldJOURNAL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-4545-2006","article-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers","volume":"6","author":"Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10303","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.1c07203","article-title":"Chemistry of simple organic peroxy radicals under atmospheric through combustion conditions: role of temperature, pressure, and NOxLevel","volume":"125","author":"Goldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2023.120227","article-title":"Local radical chemistry driven ozone pollution in a megacity: a case study","volume":"318","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib19","series-title":"Climate Change 2021 \u2013 the Physical Science Basis","first-page":"817","article-title":"Short-lived climate forcers","year":"2023"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00478-1","article-title":"Ozone and other secondary photochemical pollutants: chemical processes governing their formation in the planetary boundary layer","volume":"34","author":"Jenkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12115","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-12115-2020","article-title":"Sources of nitrous acid (HONO) in the upper boundary layer and lower free troposphere of the North China Plain: insights from the Mount Tai Observatory","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.08.009","article-title":"Detection of pollution outflow from Mexico City using CALIPSO lidar measurements","volume":"169","author":"Kar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rem. Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1039\/cs9962500361","article-title":"Nitrous acid and nitrite in the atmosphere","volume":"25","author":"Lammel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"3992","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.3992.141","article-title":"Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted","volume":"173","author":"Levy","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-1541-2012","article-title":"Observation and modelling of OH and HO2 concentrations in the Pearl River Delta 2006: a missing OH source in a VOC rich atmosphere","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib25","first-page":"579","article-title":"Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Lu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-7005-2022","article-title":"OH and HO 2 radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-023-00369-6","article-title":"Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate","volume":"22","author":"Madronich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.01.013","article-title":"Atmospheric oxidation capacity in the summer of Houston 2006: Comparison with summer measurements in other metropolitan studies","volume":"44","author":"Mao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117945","article-title":"Anatomy of the March 2016 severe ozone smog episode in Mexico-City","volume":"244","author":"Osibanjo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<0275:TEOPSI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Evolution of Photochemical Smog in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile","volume":"39","author":"Rappengl\u00fcck","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-4909-2014","article-title":"Strong wintertime ozone events in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming","volume":"14","author":"Rappengl\u00fcck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2013.822438","article-title":"Radical precursors and related species from traffic as observed and modeled at an urban highway junction","volume":"63","author":"Rappengl\u00fcck","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.12.049","article-title":"An urban photochemistry study in Santiago de Chile","volume":"39","author":"Rappengl\u00fcck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05756","article-title":"Measurements of hydroxyl radical concentrations during indoor cooking events: evidence of an unmeasured photolytic source of radicals","volume":"57","author":"Reidy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib35","author":"Riedel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-169-2020","article-title":"AtChem (version 1), an open-source box model for the master chemical mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Sommariva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev. (GMD)"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35140d","article-title":"Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons","volume":"41","author":"Stone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.02.003","article-title":"Simultaneous DOAS and mist-chamber IC measurements of HONO in Houston, TX","volume":"44","author":"Stutz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-3493-2019","article-title":"Daytime atmospheric oxidation capacity in four Chinese megacities during the photochemically polluted season: a case study based on box model simulation","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12391","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-12391-2018","article-title":"Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of ROx radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.12.015","article-title":"Ozone's threat hits back Mexico city","volume":"31","author":"Velasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118094","article-title":"Intensive field campaigns as a means for improving scientific knowledge to address urban air pollution","volume":"246","author":"Velasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6969-2010","article-title":"Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere-Part 1: a radical source perspective","volume":"10","author":"Volkamer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027266","article-title":"Sources and potential photochemical roles of formaldehyde in an urban atmosphere in south China","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015709214016","article-title":"Ground-based and air-borne measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons in BERLIOZ: analysis and selected results","volume":"42","author":"Winkler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-2997-2023","article-title":"Measurement report: production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144829","article-title":"Observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Chengdu, China in summer 2019","volume":"772","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15455","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-15455-2023","article-title":"HONO chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018: formation mechanisms and impacts on O3 production","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117747","article-title":"Changes in ozone production and VOC reactivity in the atmosphere of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area","volume":"238","author":"Zavala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152275","article-title":"Observation and simulation of HOx radicals in an urban area in Shanghai, China","volume":"810","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525007611?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653525007611?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:38:12Z","timestamp":1781771892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653525007611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0045653525007611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Box-modelling of HOx in Mexico City","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144813","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144813"}}