{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T15:13:04Z","timestamp":1789312384366,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:15:54Z","timestamp":1769274954000},"page":"144837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electrokinetic mobilization of PFAS in soils: Linking head group and chain length to remediation efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"396","author":[{"given":"Anirban","family":"Dhulia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charbel","family":"Abou-Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dibyendu","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5994-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel C.","family":"Boufadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-022-00241-8","article-title":"Mobilization of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils: A review","volume":"8","author":"Abou-Khalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Pollution Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-022-00241-8","article-title":"Mobilization of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) in soils: a review","volume":"8","author":"Abou-Khalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Pollution Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121160","article-title":"Effect of clay content on the mobilization efficiency of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from soils by electrokinetics and hydraulic flushing","volume":"322","author":"Abou-Khalil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.06.046","article-title":"Partitioning of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) between water and sediment","volume":"85","author":"Ahrens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21513-2","article-title":"Recent progress and challenges on the removal of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated soil and water","volume":"29","author":"Ambaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2014.10.059","article-title":"Adsorption of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates on oil\u2013water interface: Effects of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions","volume":"466","author":"Anachkov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106367","article-title":"Interactions between microplastics, pharmaceuticals and personal care products: Implications for vector transport","volume":"149","author":"Atugoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment international"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142088","article-title":"Treatment of aqueous per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a review of biochar adsorbent preparation methods","author":"Behnami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"58","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30811-2","article-title":"Investigating rate-limited sorption, sorption to air\u2013water interfaces, and colloid-facilitated transport during PFAS leaching","volume":"30","author":"Bierbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162588","article-title":"Immobilization of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): comparison of leaching behavior by three different leaching tests","volume":"876","author":"Bierbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106600","article-title":"Distribution, behaviour, bioavailability and remediation of poly-and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in solid biowastes and biowaste-treated soil","volume":"155","author":"Bolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment international"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123892","article-title":"Remediation of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils\u2013to mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?","volume":"401","author":"Bolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-018-0134-4","article-title":"Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids: environmental concerns and a regulatory strategy under REACH","volume":"30","author":"Brendel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Eur"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/environments10100175","article-title":"Differential sorption of short-chain versus long-chain anionic per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances by soils","volume":"10","author":"Brusseau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2018.07.005","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation for the removal of organic contaminants in soils","volume":"11","author":"Cameselle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134167","article-title":"Binding of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by organic soil materials with different structural composition\u2013Charge-and concentration-dependent sorption behavior","volume":"297","author":"Campos-Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138133","article-title":"Effect of pH, surface charge and soil properties on the solid\u2013solution partitioning of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a wide range of temperate soils","volume":"321","author":"Campos-Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib19","article-title":"Interactive Effects of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Contaminated Soil Site: DOM Molecular-Level Perspective","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib20","first-page":"2307","article-title":"The high persistence of PFAS is sufficient for their management as a chemical class","volume":"22","author":"Cousins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100335","article-title":"Analysis of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) extraction from contaminated firefighting materials: Effects of cleaning agent, temperature, and chain-length dependencies","volume":"10","author":"Dahlbom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142503","article-title":"Mobilization of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils with different organic matter contents","author":"Dhulia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib24","article-title":"Influence of soil composition and environmental factors on the adsorption of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115381","article-title":"Removal of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration","volume":"171","author":"Gagliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2022.102938","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of surfactant on the electrokinetic treatment of PFOA contaminated soil","volume":"28","author":"Ganbat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Technology & Innovation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132360","article-title":"Iron slag permeable reactive barrier for PFOA removal by the electrokinetic process","volume":"460","author":"Ganbat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139964","article-title":"Treatment technologies for removal of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids","volume":"453","author":"Garg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130441","article-title":"The efficacy of soil washing for the remediation of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the field","volume":"445","author":"Grimison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib30","article-title":"The untold story of PFAS alternatives: Insights into the occurrence, ecotoxicological impacts, and removal strategies in the aquatic environment","author":"Hamid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00066","article-title":"Advancing PFAS sorbent design: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Materials Au"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7251","DOI":"10.1021\/es061000n","article-title":"Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments","volume":"40","author":"Higgins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162668","article-title":"Influence of grain size, organic carbon and organic matter residue content on the sorption of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film forming foam contaminated soils-Implications for remediation using soil washing","volume":"875","author":"Hubert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib34","article-title":"Removal of hydrocarbons from heterogenous soil using electrokinetics and surfactants","volume":"4","author":"Jayalakshmamma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Challenges"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00791a","article-title":"Effects of salinity and organic matter on the partitioning of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAs) to clay particles","volume":"13","author":"Jeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceja.2020.100030","article-title":"Removal of hydrocarbon from soils possessing macro-heterogeneities using electrokinetics and surfactants","volume":"4","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2020.100007","article-title":"Behavior of surfactants and surfactant blends in soils during remediation: A review","volume":"2","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Challenges"},{"issue":"749","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib38","first-page":"56","article-title":"Investigating Emerging PFAS Destruction Technologies","volume":"116","author":"Juriasingani","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Military Engineer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2023.100459","article-title":"Advanced destruction technologies for PFAS in soils: Progress and challenges","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.11.008","article-title":"Selecting reliable physicochemical properties of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on molecular descriptors","volume":"196","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental pollution"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8640","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07281","article-title":"Characterizing and comparing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially available biosolid and organic non-biosolid-based products","volume":"54","author":"Kim Lazcano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental science & technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166764","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-Challenges and opportunities in sensing and remediation","volume":"905","author":"Leung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.209","article-title":"Adsorption of perfluorinated acids onto soils: Kinetics, isotherms, and influences of soil properties","volume":"649","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib46","article-title":"Remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soil via soil washing with various water-organic solvents","volume":"480","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"59","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66854","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35725-1","article-title":"Distinctive adsorption and transport behaviors of short-chain versus long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids in a river sediment","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.219","article-title":"Effects of fluorescent dissolved organic matters (FDOMs) on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in lake and river water","volume":"666","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Evironment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118604","article-title":"Insights into the impacts of dissolved organic matter of different origins on bioaccumulation and translocation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wheat","volume":"293","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib51","first-page":"196","article-title":"PFAS fate and destruction mechanisms during thermal treatment: a comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Longendyke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazl.2023.100084","article-title":"The influence of chain length on the sorption of C4-C10 perfluorocarboxylic acids during transport in a sand","volume":"4","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems7020053","article-title":"Fate and transport of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) discharge sites: A review","volume":"7","author":"McGarr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106642","article-title":"Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the soil\u2013plant system: Sorption, root uptake, and translocation","volume":"156","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment international"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04989","article-title":"Sorption of polyfluoroalkyl surfactants on surface soils: Effect of molecular structures, soil properties, and solution chemistry","volume":"54","author":"Mejia-Avenda\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental science & technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.21771","article-title":"Soil washing for removal of per\u2010and polyfluoroalkyl substances from investigation\u2010derived waste","volume":"34","author":"Miceli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remediation Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib57","series-title":"Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Health Assessment and Translation, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","article-title":"Immunotoxicity associated with exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate","author":"Monograph","year":"2016"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15883","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05705","article-title":"Influences of chemical properties, soil properties, and solution pH on soil\u2013water partitioning coefficients of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)","volume":"54","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental science & technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133041","article-title":"Electrokinetic remediation for removal of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated soil","volume":"291","author":"Niarchos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10020044","article-title":"PFAS molecules: a major concern for the human health and the environment","volume":"10","author":"Panieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115364","article-title":"Adsorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater by granular activated carbons: Roles of hydrophobicity of PFAS and carbon characteristics","volume":"170","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.05.012","article-title":"Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to an organic soil horizon\u2013Effect of cation composition and pH","volume":"207","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135160","article-title":"Effect of solution chemistry on the transport of short-chain and long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in saturated porous media","volume":"303","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129139","article-title":"The role of dissolved organic matter during Per-and Polyfluorinated Substance (PFAS) adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake: A review","volume":"436","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of hazardous materials"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520903217278","article-title":"A new class of perfluorinated acid contaminants: Primary and secondary substituted perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides are acidic at environmentally and toxicologically relevant pH values","volume":"44","author":"Rayne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380590900237","article-title":"Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic compounds in soils: a review","volume":"35","author":"Saichek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical reviews in environmental science and technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136170","article-title":"PFAS profiles in biosolids, composts, and chemical fertilizers intended for agricultural land application in Quebec (Canada)","volume":"480","author":"Saliu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of hazardous materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c06903","article-title":"Leaching of perfluoroalkyl acids during unsaturated zone flushing at a field site impacted with aqueous film forming foam","volume":"57","author":"Schaefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental science and technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.145064","article-title":"Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a health hazard: current state of knowledge and strategies in environmental settings across Asia and future perspectives","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib70","first-page":"344","article-title":"Adsorption as a remediation technology for short-chain per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water\u2013a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Smaili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.088","article-title":"Electrodialytic per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal mechanism for contaminated soil","volume":"232","author":"S\u00f6reng\u00e5rd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103744","article-title":"Adsorption behavior of per-and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) to 44 inorganic and organic sorbents and use of dyes as proxies for PFAS sorption","volume":"8","author":"S\u00f6reng\u00e5rd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21926\/aeer.2102006","article-title":"Challenges in the PFAS remediation of soil and landfill leachate: a review","volume":"2","author":"Travar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172184","article-title":"Comparison of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) removal in a combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation process","volume":"927","author":"Trzcinski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135118","article-title":"Efficient PFAS removal from contaminated soils through combined washing and adsorption in soil effluents","volume":"476","author":"Usman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.03.024","article-title":"Influence of cations on the partition behavior of perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) on wastewater sludge","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seh.2023.100004","article-title":"Occurrence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil & Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib80","author":"Wiegand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108619","article-title":"The complex effect of DOM on PFOA and PFOS transport: considering the interference of solution ionic strength and cation type","volume":"10","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06283","article-title":"PFASs in soil: how they threaten human health through multiple pathways and whether they are receiving adequate concern","volume":"71","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.04.042","article-title":"Sorption and desorption of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic polyfluoroalkyl substances by soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbonaceous materials","volume":"346","author":"Zhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653526000147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653526000147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T09:19:19Z","timestamp":1771406359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653526000147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0045653526000147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electrokinetic mobilization of PFAS in soils: Linking head group and chain length to remediation efficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.144837","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144837"}}