{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:25:51Z","timestamp":1793985951983,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-43-00153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-43-00153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:58:33Z","timestamp":1788278313000},"page":"145076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aqueous ozonation of the antiviral drug umifenovir (Arbidol): Reaction pathways and transformation products"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"411","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Sypalov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora V.","family":"Danilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-1507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya S.","family":"Voronov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya S.","family":"Varsegov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9094-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Leshcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay V.","family":"Ulyanovskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Kosyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-9484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert T.","family":"Lebedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(81)90054-3","article-title":"Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method","volume":"15","author":"Bader","year":"1981","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00398a034","article-title":"Ozonation of nucleophiles. 7. Dibenzyl sulfides","volume":"43","author":"Bailey","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.05.085","article-title":"Ozonation of benzotriazole and methylindole: kinetic modeling, identification of intermediates and reaction mechanisms","volume":"282","author":"Benitez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133866","article-title":"Halogen substitution reactions of halobenzenes during water disinfection","volume":"295","author":"Detenchuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib5","series-title":"Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry (GC\/MS)","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117864","article-title":"Reactions of amines with ozone and chlorine: two novel oxidative methods to evaluate the N-DBP formation potential from dissolved organic nitrogen","volume":"209","author":"Essa\u00efed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.460458","article-title":"Rapid simultaneous determination of pentacyclic triterpenoids by mixed-mode liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1609","author":"Falev","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140783","article-title":"Kinetic constants and transformation products of ornidazole during ozonation","volume":"349","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05926.x","article-title":"Evaluating the formation of brominated DBPs during ozonation","volume":"85","author":"Glaze","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105109","article-title":"Evaluation of the predictivity of acute oral toxicity (AOT) structure-activity relationship models","volume":"129","author":"Gromek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132867","article-title":"Correlations between China's socioeconomic status, disease burdens, and pharmaceuticals and personal care product levels in wastewater","volume":"463","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129503","article-title":"Hydroxyl radicals can significantly influence the toxicity of ofloxacin transformation products during ozonation","volume":"438","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(83)90098-2","article-title":"Rate constants of reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water\u2014I: non-dissociating organic compounds","volume":"17","author":"Hoign\u00e9","year":"1983","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.041","article-title":"PPCP degradation and DBP formation in the solar\/free chlorine system: effects of pH and dissolved oxygen","volume":"150","author":"Hua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib15","unstructured":"Instructions for the Medical Use of Arbidol Instructions for the Medical Use of Arbidol. Good Earth Medicine LLC. Bellingham, WA, USA. Available online: http:\/\/www.arbidol.org\/dosage.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145740","article-title":"Predicted occurrence, ecotoxicological risk and environmentally acquired resistance of antiviral drugs associated with COVID-19 in environmental waters","volume":"776","author":"Kuroda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118053","article-title":"Ozonation of organic compounds in water and wastewater: a critical review","volume":"213","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.03.125","article-title":"Determination and toxicity evaluation of the generated byproducts from sulfamethazine degradation during catalytic oxidation process","volume":"226","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/kin.550100503","article-title":"Stopped\u2010flow study of the gas\u2010phase reaction of ozone with organic sulfides: Dimethyl sulfide","volume":"10","author":"Martinez","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Kinet."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934822140052","article-title":"Transformation of organic compounds during water chlorination\/bromination: formation pathways for disinfection by-products (a review)","volume":"77","author":"Mazur","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141117","article-title":"N-dealkylation of amines during water disinfection\u2013revealing a new direction in the formation of disinfection by-products","volume":"350","author":"Mazur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132171","article-title":"Treatment of PPCPs and disinfection by-product formation in drinking water through advanced oxidation processes: comparison of UV, UV\/Chlorine, and UV\/H2O2","volume":"287","author":"Pai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib23","article-title":"Tackling unknown disinfection by-products: lessons learned","volume":"2","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05269","article-title":"Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues","volume":"92","author":"Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1021\/es00053a010","article-title":"Multispectral identification of chlorine dioxide disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"28","author":"Richardson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2026.122264","article-title":"Sequential involvement of hydroxyl radicals and ozone can regulate detoxification of enrofloxacin during ozonation: evidence from DFT and toxicity calculations","author":"Sadek","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es5002105","article-title":"Identifying small molecules via high resolution mass spectrometry: communicating confidence","volume":"48","author":"Schymanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934823090150","article-title":"Determination of Umifenovir and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with combined mass spectrometric detection","volume":"78","author":"Sypalov","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010386","article-title":"Liquid chromatography with dual mass spectrometry detection: an approach to the determination of Br-Containing disinfection By-Products in drinking water","volume":"27","author":"Sypalov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150380","article-title":"Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: estimated levels and transformation","volume":"805","author":"Ul'yanovskii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00457-8","article-title":"Ozonation of drinking water: part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation","volume":"37","author":"Von Gunten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib32","article-title":"Catalytic ozonation for water and wastewater treatment: recent advances and perspective","volume":"704","author":"Von Gunten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071852","article-title":"Monitoring and statistical analysis of formation of organochlorine and organobromine compounds in drinking water of different water intakes","volume":"26","author":"Vozhdaeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1394","article-title":"Metabolite identification of arbidol in human urine by the study of CID fragmentation pathways using HPLC coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076_bib35","article-title":"Occurrence, removal, and ecological risk assessment of emerging organic contaminants in an industrial WWTP","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Resour. Ind."}],"container-title":["Chemosphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653526002535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045653526002535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:03:49Z","timestamp":1789823029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045653526002535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0045653526002535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-6535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aqueous ozonation of the antiviral drug umifenovir (Arbidol): Reaction pathways and transformation products","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemosphere","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2026.145076","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"145076"}}