{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:51:17Z","timestamp":1789908677580,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T06:42:22Z","timestamp":1460270542000},"page":"1394-1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Critical Illness in Patients With Asplenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Hollis R.","family":"O'Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Niven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George H.","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31826742c9","article-title":"Seen through their eyes: residents' reflections on the cognitive and contextual components of diagnostic errors in medicine","volume":"87","author":"Ogdie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480607200702","article-title":"Indications for splenectomy","volume":"72","author":"Katz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"165","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2005 annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data","volume":"13","author":"DeFrances","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2014.06.034","article-title":"Management of splenic trauma: a single institution's 8-year experience","volume":"209","author":"Rosati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480006600511","article-title":"The incidence of splenectomy is decreasing: lessons learned from trauma experience","volume":"66","author":"Rose","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib6","first-page":"182","article-title":"Risk of infection and death among post-splenectomy patients","volume":"43","author":"Bisharat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1314291","article-title":"Clinical practice. Care of the asplenic patient","volume":"371","author":"Rubin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1998.11813307","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"92","author":"Gorenflot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.03.008","article-title":"Falciparum malaria after splenectomy: a prospective controlled study of 33 previously splenectomized Malawian adults","volume":"99","author":"Bach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4286","article-title":"Immune complexes bound to the primate erythrocyte complement receptor (CR1) via anti-CR1 mAbs are cleared simultaneously with loss of CR1 in a concerted reaction in a rhesus monkey model","volume":"82","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0346","article-title":"Human blood IgM \u201cmemory\u201d B cells are circulating splenic marginal zone B cells harboring a prediversified immunoglobulin repertoire","volume":"104","author":"Weller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112824","article-title":"Direct evidence that decreased serum opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae via the alternative complement pathway in sickle cell disease is related to antibody deficiency","volume":"79","author":"Bjornson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011140","article-title":"B-1a B cells that link the innate and adaptive immune responses are lacking in the absence of the spleen","volume":"195","author":"Wardemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"5940","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202","article-title":"Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites","volume":"325","author":"Swirski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5940","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178329","article-title":"Immunology. Dispensable but not irrelevant","volume":"325","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052362","article-title":"Splenectomy inactivates the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway during lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"203","author":"Huston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2013an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","article-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"369","author":"Angus","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-05-0267","article-title":"Prevalence of thromboembolic events among 8,860 patients with thalassaemia major and intermedia in the Mediterranean area and Iran","volume":"96","author":"Taher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-210112","article-title":"Vascular complications after splenectomy for hematologic disorders","volume":"114","author":"Crary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9092","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64276-6","article-title":"Spherocytosis, splenectomy, strokes, and heat attacks","volume":"350","author":"Schilling","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03024.x","article-title":"Delayed adverse vascular events after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis","volume":"6","author":"Schilling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09146.x","article-title":"Short- and long-term risks of splenectomy for benign haematological disorders: should we revisit the indications?","volume":"158","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.002","article-title":"Nitric oxide scavenging by red cell microparticles","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.043216","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy: a consequence of loss of the splenic filter or is there something more?","volume":"60","author":"Peacock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04030.x","article-title":"Red cells playing as activated platelets in thalassemia intermedia","volume":"8","author":"Mannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2000.02376.x","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in splenectomized patients with thalassaemia intermedia","volume":"111","author":"Cappellini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649879","article-title":"Alterations in vascular endothelial cell-related plasma proteins in thalassaemic patients and their correlation with clinical symptoms","volume":"74","author":"Butthep","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20640","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in thalassemia: association with platelet activation and hypercoagulable state","volume":"81","author":"Singer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V47.2.183.183","article-title":"A\u00a0new method for studying splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction in sickle cell disease patients and its clinical application: a\u00a0brief report","volume":"47","author":"Casper","year":"1976","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1049-1","article-title":"Assessment of splenic function","volume":"29","author":"de Porto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.124701","article-title":"Acute infectious purpura fulminans associated with asplenism or hyposplenism","volume":"47","author":"Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib33","first-page":"299","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo platelet activation and hyperaggregation in hemoglobin E\/beta-thalassemia: a consequence of splenectomy","volume":"77","author":"Atichartakarn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int\u00a0J Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00014","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy?","volume":"130","author":"Hoeper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.038083","article-title":"Splenectomy and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Jais","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.079970","article-title":"Splenectomy: a strong risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with thalassaemia","volume":"92","author":"Phrommintikul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib37","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with thalassemia intermedia in 2009: a single center's experience","volume":"7","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035477","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension as a risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"350","author":"Gladwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib39","first-page":"301","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a clinical practice guideline","volume":"17","author":"Mehta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"issue":"25 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib40","first-page":"D34","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Simonneau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8029","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)90132-5","article-title":"Splenectomy and subsequent mortality in veterans of the 1939-45 war","volume":"2","author":"Robinette","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450502","article-title":"Mutation in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor II as a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension in a large kindred","volume":"345","author":"Newman","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1086\/516781","article-title":"Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among individuals with sickle cell disease before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"44","author":"Halasa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9785","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61493-6","article-title":"Post-splenectomy and hyposplenic states","volume":"378","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib45","first-page":"241","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Case 29-1986","volume":"315","author":"Scully","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib46","first-page":"779","article-title":"Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection: a critical review of etiologic pathogens and management","volume":"13","author":"Norris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1086\/381888","article-title":"Bordetella holmesii bacteremia: a newly recognized clinical entity among asplenic patients","volume":"38","author":"Shepard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400458811","article-title":"Risk and patterns of bacteraemia after splenectomy: a population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Ejstrud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01057.x","article-title":"Properdin deficiency and meningococcal disease\u2013identifying those most at risk","volume":"118","author":"Linton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib50","first-page":"667","article-title":"Immunologic defect of the alternate pathway-of-complement activation postsplenectomy: a possible relation between splenectomy and infection","volume":"70","author":"de Ciutiis","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01971.x","article-title":"Formation of the functional alternative pathway of complement by human monocytes in\u00a0vitro as demonstrated by phagocytosis of agarose beads","volume":"23","author":"Hetland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00215-8","article-title":"The endothelium as physiological source of properdin: role of wall shear stress","volume":"39","author":"Bongrazio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib53","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"3466","article-title":"Infections in asplenic patients","author":"Gilsdorf","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a010215","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010215","article-title":"The pneumococcus: epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Henriques-Normark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584262","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/584262","article-title":"Pathogen- and host-directed anti-inflammatory activities of macrolide antibiotics","volume":"2012","author":"Steel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0165-y","article-title":"Lung inflammatory pattern and antibiotic treatment in pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1730-y","article-title":"Combination antibiotic therapy with macrolides improves survival in intubated patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Martin-Loeches","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a66b9b","article-title":"Macrolides and mortality in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Sligl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05798-11","article-title":"Effect of clarithromycin in inflammatory markers of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria: results from a randomized clinical study","volume":"56","author":"Spyridaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib60","first-page":"CD001090","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"9","author":"Alejandria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f1de","article-title":"Specific antibody in IV immunoglobulin for postsplenectomy sepsis","volume":"41","author":"Nakamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0287","article-title":"VTE incidence and risk factors in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"148","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012","volume":"41","author":"Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401602","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Yealy","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404380","article-title":"Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock","volume":"371","author":"Peake","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500896","article-title":"Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock","volume":"372","author":"Mouncey","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000114827.93410.D8","article-title":"Brain natriuretic peptide: a marker of myocardial dysfunction and prognosis during severe sepsis","volume":"32","author":"Charpentier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorigados CB, Ariga SK, Batista TR, Velasco IT, Soriano FG. Endotoxaemic myocardial dysfunction: the role of coronary driving pressure in subendocardial perfusion. Crit Care Resusc. 17(1):12\u201322.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1441-2772(23)01522-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-446FR","article-title":"Management of acute right ventricular failure in the intensive care unit","volume":"11","author":"Ventetuolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23763","article-title":"Hemodynamic changes in the hepatic circulation after the modulation of the splenic circulation in an in\u00a0vivo human experimental model","volume":"20","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib71","first-page":"424","article-title":"Right heart failure in the intensive care unit","volume":"18","author":"Greyson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08843.x","article-title":"Review of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen: prepared on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology by a working party of the Haemato-Oncology task force","volume":"155","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib73","first-page":"1","article-title":"General recommendations on immunization\u2014recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib74","first-page":"45","article-title":"Prevention of infections in hyposplenic and\u00a0asplenic patients: an update","volume":"62","author":"Melles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200056","article-title":"Prevention of postsplenectomy sepsis: how much do patients know?","volume":"1","author":"Hegarty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hematol J"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216475744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216475744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T07:31:18Z","timestamp":1757921478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369216475744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369216475744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Critical Illness in Patients With Asplenia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}