{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:48:38Z","timestamp":1791474518210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012643","name":"Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T22:00:10Z","timestamp":1500328810000},"page":"105-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Gamze","family":"Kirkil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse E.","family":"Lower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Baughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9923","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60680-7","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"383","author":"Valeyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and prognosis. A 15-year European study","volume":"130","author":"Hillerdal","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib3","first-page":"525","article-title":"Prognostic factors predicting the outcome of sarcoidosis: an analysis of 818 patients","volume":"208","author":"Neville","year":"1983","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib4","first-page":"154","article-title":"Predicting respiratory failure in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"14","author":"Baughman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1679OC","article-title":"Sarcoidosis-related mortality in the United States from 1988 to 2007","volume":"183","author":"Swigris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1120","article-title":"Racial difference in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States","volume":"147","author":"Mirsaeidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151940","article-title":"In-Hospital disease burden of sarcoidosis in Switzerland from 2002 to 2012","volume":"11","author":"Pohle","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib8","first-page":"124","article-title":"Hospitalization for patients with sarcoidosis: 1979-2000","volume":"23","author":"Foreman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-19","article-title":"Increased hospitalizations among sarcoidosis patients from 1998 to 2008: a population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Gerke","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3.873","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with sarcoidosis listed for lung transplantation","volume":"120","author":"Arcasoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)37649-2","article-title":"Predicting mortality in patients with sarcoidosis awaiting lung transplantation","volume":"124","author":"Shorr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2002","article-title":"Survival in sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension: the importance of hemodynamic evaluation","volume":"138","author":"Baughman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199910000-00007","article-title":"A\u00a0CT sign of chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension: the ratio of main pulmonary artery to aortic diameter","volume":"14","author":"Ng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1965-x","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: assessment of disease severity using HRCT","volume":"13","author":"Drent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.191.3.8184045","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis: role of CT in the evaluation of disease activity and functional impairment and in prognosis assessment","volume":"191","author":"Remy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00187410","article-title":"Stage IV sarcoidosis: comparison of survival with the general population and causes of death","volume":"38","author":"Nardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-877OC","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a simple staging system","volume":"177","author":"Goh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00004","article-title":"A\u00a0multidimensional index and staging system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"156","author":"Ley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2111053","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a composite physiologic index derived from disease extent observed by computed tomography","volume":"167","author":"Wells","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70276-5","article-title":"An integrated clinicoradiological staging system for pulmonary sarcoidosis: a case-cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Walsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"Sep","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib21","first-page":"149","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society\/World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib22","first-page":"19","article-title":"The WASOG Sarcoidosis Organ Assessment Instrument: an update of a previous clinical tool","volume":"31","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108","article-title":"Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general US population","volume":"159","author":"Hankinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib24","first-page":"185","article-title":"Standardized single breath normal values for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity","volume":"123","author":"Crapo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"5261","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5261.1165","article-title":"Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England","volume":"2","author":"Scadding","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib26","first-page":"275","article-title":"Causes of death in patients with chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011522","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: epidemiology, characteristics, and outcome over 25 years in a nationwide study","volume":"131","author":"Kandolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.101","article-title":"Impact of early initiation of corticosteroid therapy on cardiac function and rhythm in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"227","author":"Padala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib29","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: the impact of age and implanted devices on survival","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib30","first-page":"119","article-title":"The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Judson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib31","first-page":"147","article-title":"Pulmonary and psychosocial findings at enrollment in the ACCESS study","volume":"22","author":"Yeager","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1876","article-title":"Changes in chest roentgenogram of sarcoidosis patients during a clinical trial of infliximab therapy: comparison of different methods of evaluation","volume":"136","author":"Baughman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib33","first-page":"108","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Baughman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00199-X","article-title":"New treatment strategies for pulmonary sarcoidosis: antimetabolites, biological drugs, and other treatment approaches","volume":"3","author":"Baughman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.011","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis","volume":"36","author":"Baughman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1766","article-title":"Bosentan for sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind placebo controlled randomized trial","volume":"145","author":"Baughman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib37","first-page":"110","article-title":"Inhaled iloprost for sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Baughman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1881","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: a two-center experience","volume":"135","author":"Barnett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Jan","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.1.32","article-title":"Mortality of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in referral vs\u00a0population-based settings: influence of stage, ethnicity, and corticosteroid therapy","volume":"121","author":"Reich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369217312552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369217312552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T22:57:49Z","timestamp":1762124269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369217312552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369217312552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}