{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:08:53Z","timestamp":1791587333353,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T11:02:29Z","timestamp":1570618949000},"page":"888-897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Thoracic Injury in Patients Injured by Explosions on the Battlefield and in Terrorist Incidents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0220-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"McDonald Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Edward","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib1","series-title":"Battle Casualties and Medical Statistics; US Army Experience in the Korean War","author":"Reister","year":"1973"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65367-2","article-title":"Thoracic injuries in combat casualties in Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"McNamara","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib3","first-page":"407","article-title":"War injuries during the Gulf War: experiences of a teaching hospital in Kuwait","volume":"76","author":"Behbehani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.02.001","article-title":"Combat trauma experience with the United States Army 102nd Forward Surgical Team in Afghanistan","volume":"187","author":"Beekley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000259433.03754.98","article-title":"Causes of death in U.S. Special Operations Forces in the global war on terrorism: 2001-2004","volume":"245","author":"Holcomb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000580","article-title":"Improved survival in UK combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan: 2003-2012","volume":"78","author":"Penn-Barwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.041","article-title":"The UK military experience of thoracic injury in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"44","author":"Poon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.12.021","article-title":"40 years of terrorist bombings: a meta-analysis of the casualty and injury profile","volume":"47","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198904000-00016","article-title":"Primary blast injury after a bomb explosion in a civilian bus","volume":"209","author":"Katz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70224-6","article-title":"Emergency department impact of the Oklahoma City terrorist bombing","volume":"34","author":"Hogan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib11","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Blast injuries: bus versus open-air bombings\u2014a comparative study of injuries in survivors of open-air versus confined-space explosions","volume":"41","author":"Leibovici","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000151072.17826.72","article-title":"Casualties treated at the closest hospital in the Madrid, March 11, terrorist bombings","volume":"33","author":"Gutierrez de Ceballos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10012","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01063-6","article-title":"The medical response to multisite terrorist attacks in Paris","volume":"386","author":"Hirsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib14","first-page":"17","article-title":"Terrorist attack in Nice: the experience of general surgeons","volume":"156","author":"Massalou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Visc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib15","author":"Lopez"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-528OC","article-title":"Histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in human blast lung injury","volume":"168","author":"Tsokos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-11-00165","article-title":"Hydrogen fluoride inhalation injury because of a fire suppression system","volume":"177","author":"Zierold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew385","article-title":"Primary blast lung injury: a review","volume":"118","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1562","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0252","article-title":"Blast injuries to the lung: epidemiology and management","volume":"366","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.12.001","article-title":"Bomb blast imaging: bringing order to chaos","volume":"73","author":"Dick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.165","article-title":"Blast lung injury from an explosion on a civilian bus","volume":"115","author":"Pizov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.55460\/MS8T-ZUPX","article-title":"Management of junctional hemorrhage in Tactical Combat Casualty Care: TCCC Guidelines Proposed Change 13-03","volume":"13","author":"Kotwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003130","article-title":"Identifying future \u201cunexpected\u201d survivors: a retrospective cohort study of fatal injury patterns in victims of improvised explosive devices","volume":"3","author":"Singleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1562","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0249","article-title":"Characterization of the response to primary blast injury","volume":"366","author":"Kirkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"6S suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001856","article-title":"Trauma Hemostasis and Oxygenation Research Network position paper on the role of hypotensive resuscitation as part of remote damage control resuscitation","volume":"84","author":"Woolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9734","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5","article-title":"Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Shakur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481107700430","article-title":"Traumatic pneumonectomy: a viable option for patients in extremis","volume":"77","author":"Halonen-Watras","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu076","article-title":"UK specialist cardiothoracic management of thoracic injuries in military casualties sustained in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"45","author":"Senanayake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182a1fea2","article-title":"Pericardiocentesis in trauma: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2017-000874","article-title":"REBOA at Role 2 Afloat: resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta as a bridge to damage control surgery in the military maritime setting","volume":"164","author":"Rees","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Army Med Corps"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2948","article-title":"Recombinant activated factor VII for massive hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"136","author":"Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.8.806","article-title":"Bronchoscopy in the blast injury patient","volume":"141","author":"Eckert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib34","first-page":"E127","article-title":"Successful management of a trauma patient with pulmonary hemorrhage using a wire-guided bronchial blocker","volume":"63","author":"Memtsoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0063IM","article-title":"Primary blast lung injury","volume":"191","author":"McDonald Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Brower","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215716","article-title":"High-frequency oscillation for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215554","article-title":"High-frequency oscillation in early acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Ferguson","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182782480","article-title":"Transportable extracorporeal lung support for rescue of severe respiratory failure in combat casualties","volume":"73","author":"Bein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib41","first-page":"S91","article-title":"Closing the \u201ccare in the air\u201d capability gap for severe lung injury: the Landstuhl Acute Lung Rescue Team and extracorporeal lung support","volume":"71","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruit N, Prusak M, Miller M, Barrett N, Richardson C, Vuylsteke A. Assessment of safety and bleeding risk in the use of ECMO for multi-trauma patients: a multicentre review [published online ahead of print March 5, 2019]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000002242.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002242"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.173.11.1068","article-title":"Pressure ulcers and occipital alopecia in Operation Iraqi Freedom polytrauma casualties","volume":"173","author":"Harrow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1086\/653617","article-title":"Changes in the incidences of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant organisms isolated in a military medical center","volume":"31","author":"Keen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.018","article-title":"Acinetobacter in modern warfare","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis749","article-title":"Invasive mold infections following combat-related injuries","volume":"55","author":"Warkentien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1086\/314024","article-title":"High rate of candidemia in patients sustaining injuries in a bomb blast at a marketplace: a possible environmental source","volume":"31","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143715605850","article-title":"Delirium in critically ill military patients following trauma: a cohort analysis","volume":"17","author":"Bullock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intensive Care Soc"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016950","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of long-term outcomes after combat injury: a hidden cost of war","volume":"132","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.07.016","article-title":"Functional and mental health status of United Kingdom military amputees postrehabilitation","volume":"96","author":"Ladlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369219340012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369219340012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T08:17:25Z","timestamp":1757924245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369219340012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369219340012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thoracic Injury in Patients Injured by Explosions on the Battlefield and in Terrorist Incidents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}