{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:55:26Z","timestamp":1791543326696,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004914","name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008844","name":"Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004846","name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T19:18:48Z","timestamp":1579807128000},"page":"1478-1496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Lower vs\u00a0Higher Fluid Volumes During Initial Management of Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tine Sylvest","family":"Meyhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten Hylander","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Buhl","family":"Hjortrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cronhjort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Perner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Wetterslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03989.x","article-title":"Population burden of long-term survivorship after severe sepsis in older Americans","volume":"60","author":"Iwashyna","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827c09f8","article-title":"Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Gaieski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care","volume":"29","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139","article-title":"The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000","volume":"348","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A223","DOI":"10.1186\/2197-425X-3-S1-A223","article-title":"Incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock in German intensive care units: the prospective, multicentre INSEP study","volume":"3","author":"Marx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703058","article-title":"Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis","volume":"376","author":"Seymour","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5433-0","article-title":"Restricted fluid resuscitation in suspected sepsis associated hypotension (REFRESH): a pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Macdonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415236","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis","volume":"372","author":"Kaukonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204242","article-title":"Hydroxyethyl starch 130\/0.42 versus Ringer\u2019s acetate in severe sepsis","volume":"367","author":"Perner","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406617","article-title":"Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock","volume":"371","author":"Holst","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4500-7","article-title":"Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management: the CLASSIC randomised, parallel-group, multicentre feasibility trial","volume":"42","author":"Hjortrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock\u20142016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181feeb15","article-title":"Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality","volume":"39","author":"Boyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2706","article-title":"The importance of fluid management in acute lung injury secondary to septic shock","volume":"136","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0970-1","article-title":"A\u00a0positive fluid balance is an independent prognostic factor in patients with sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Acheampong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R76","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11333","article-title":"Higher vs. lower fluid volume for septic shock: clinical characteristics and outcome in unselected patients in a prospective, multicenter cohort","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12723","article-title":"Association between fluid balance and mortality in patients with septic shock: a post hoc analysis of the TRISS trial","volume":"60","author":"Cronhjort","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i493","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i493","article-title":"Agreement of treatment effects for mortality from routinely collected data and subsequent randomized trials: meta-epidemiological survey","volume":"352","author":"Hemkens","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-6-201209180-00537","article-title":"Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomized, controlled trials","volume":"157","author":"Savovi\u0107","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101549","article-title":"Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection","volume":"364","author":"Maitland","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","article-title":"Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury","volume":"354","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401602","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Yealy","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404380","article-title":"Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock","volume":"371","author":"Peake","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500896","article-title":"Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock","volume":"372","author":"Mouncey","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.158","article-title":"Lactate clearance vs\u00a0central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"303","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3638-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of treatment based on PiCCO parameters in critically ill patients with septic shock and\/or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10913","article-title":"Effect of an early resuscitation protocol on in-hospital mortality among adults with sepsis and hypotension: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000541","article-title":"Simplified severe sepsis protocol: a randomized controlled trial of modified early goal-directed therapy in Zambia","volume":"42","author":"Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155767","article-title":"Associations of hospital and patient characteristics with fluid resuscitation volumes in patients with severe sepsis: post hoc analyses of data from a multicentre randomised clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hjortrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12952","article-title":"Lower vs. higher fluid volumes in sepsis-protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Meyhoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib33","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib35","series-title":"Handbook for Grading the Quality of Evidence and the Strength of Recommendations Using the GRADE Approach","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib36","series-title":"International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Integrated Addendum To ICH E6 (R1): Guideline for Good Clinical Practice","volume":"2","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib37","first-page":"169","article-title":"Fluid responsiveness assessment using passive leg raising test to reduce fluid administration and weight gain in patients with septic shock","volume":"4","author":"Cronhjort","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anesth Perioper Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0734-3","article-title":"Preload dependence indices to titrate volume expansion during septic shock: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Richard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0319-3","article-title":"Echocardiogram-guided resuscitation versus early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of septic shock: a randomized, controlled, feasibility trial","volume":"6","author":"Lanspa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semler MW, Janz DR, Casey JD, Self WH, Rice TW. Conservative fluid management after sepsis resuscitation: a pilot randomized trial [published online ahead of print January 10, 2019]. J Intensive Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066618823183.","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618823183"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1525","article-title":"Targeted fluid minimization following initial resuscitation in septic shock","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib42","article-title":"The Restrictive IV Fluid Trial in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock (RIFTS): a randomized pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Corl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-120","article-title":"Thresholds for statistical and clinical significance in systematic reviews with meta-analytic methods","volume":"14","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx344","article-title":"Association between risk-of-bias assessments and results of randomized trials in Cochrane reviews: the ROBES meta-epidemiologic study","volume":"187","author":"Savovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059202","article-title":"The impact of study size on meta-analyses: examination of underpowered studies in Cochrane reviews","volume":"8","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-9-86","article-title":"Estimating required information size by quantifying diversity in random-effects model meta-analyses","volume":"9","author":"Wetterslev","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-34","article-title":"The thresholds for statistical and clinical significance: a five-step procedure for evaluation of intervention effects in randomised clinical trials","volume":"14","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib48","first-page":"ED000111","article-title":"Viewpoint: taking into account risks of random errors when analysing multiple outcomes in systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477480","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1575LE","article-title":"Early peripheral perfusion-guided fluid therapy in patients with septic shock","volume":"191","author":"van Genderen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1662-x","article-title":"2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference","volume":"29","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199206000-00025","article-title":"American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis","volume":"20","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4573-3","article-title":"Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Silversides","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2014.0060","article-title":"Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: a systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Malbrain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC","article-title":"The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study: long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury","volume":"185","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib57","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effect of different liquid management strategies on the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dalian Med Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"349","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0315-7","article-title":"Trial sequential analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wetterslev","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.04.016","article-title":"No firm evidence that lack of blinding affects estimates of mortality in randomized clinical trials of intensive care interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Anthon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1383630","article-title":"The influence of a change in septic shock definitions on intensive care epidemiology and outcome: comparison of sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 definitions","volume":"50","author":"Driessen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Auckl)"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369220301239?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369220301239?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T22:58:49Z","timestamp":1762124329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369220301239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369220301239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lower vs\u00a0Higher Fluid Volumes During Initial Management of Sepsis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}