{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:20:48Z","timestamp":1790886048699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T23:20:56Z","timestamp":1687044056000},"page":"875-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Pneumonia Risk in Patients With COPD-Bronchiectasis Overlap"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Andrew I.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aran","family":"Singanayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6357-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga A.","family":"Wedzicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00eb I.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909883","article-title":"Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"363","author":"Hurst","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0397","article-title":"The GOLD Summit on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"23","author":"Halpin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S190086","article-title":"Changes in COPD inhaler prescriptions in the United Kingdom, 2000 to 2016","volume":"14","author":"Bloom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30006-7","article-title":"Predictors of exacerbation risk and response to budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a post-hoc analysis of three randomised trials","volume":"6","author":"Bafadhel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407154","article-title":"Withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids and exacerbations of COPD","volume":"371","author":"Magnussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib6","first-page":"CD010115","article-title":"Inhaled steroids\u00a0and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2014","author":"Kew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201007-1099OC","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of tuberculosis in patients with respiratory diseases","volume":"183","author":"Brassard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201772","article-title":"Chronic respiratory disease, inhaled corticosteroids and risk of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis","volume":"68","author":"Andr\u00e9jak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217160","article-title":"Use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of acquiring Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"77","author":"Ekl\u00f6f","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib10","first-page":"167","article-title":"COPD and asthma overlap with bronchiectasis","volume":"81","author":"Dente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir Monograph"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-122","article-title":"Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort","volume":"11","author":"Agusti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1758","article-title":"Factors associated with bronchiectasis in patients with COPD","volume":"140","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0330","article-title":"Comorbid pulmonary disease and risk of community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200305-648OC","article-title":"Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices, and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"170","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.12.015","article-title":"Mortality in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"108","author":"Goeminne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801896","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01896-2018","article-title":"Comparative risks of chronic inhaled corticosteroids and macrolides for bronchiectasis","volume":"54","author":"Henkle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1550OC","article-title":"Inhaled steroids, circulating eosinophils, chronic airway infection, and pneumonia risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A network analysis","volume":"201","author":"Martinez-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017","article-title":"European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis","volume":"50","author":"Polverino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098","article-title":"Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)","volume":"44","author":"Herrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz034","article-title":"Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum","volume":"48","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005540","article-title":"Validation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recording in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD)","volume":"4","author":"Quint","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202201-0209PP","article-title":"Blood eosinophils and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a GOLD Science Committee 2022 Review","volume":"206","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","article-title":"Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1630OC","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia","volume":"176","author":"Ernst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00193908","article-title":"Pneumonia risk in COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination: TORCH study results","volume":"34","author":"Crim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f3306","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3306","article-title":"Pneumonia and pneumonia related mortality in patients with COPD treated with fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroid and long acting \u03b22 agonist: observational matched cohort study (PATHOS)","volume":"346","author":"Janson","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"507","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav3879","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroid suppression of cathelicidin drives dysbiosis and bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Singanayagam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00125404","article-title":"Corticosteroid effects on cell signalling","volume":"27","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700451","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00451-2017","article-title":"Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum bacterial and viral loads in COPD","volume":"50","author":"Contoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2005.05.004","article-title":"Comparative pharmacology, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of inhaled glucocorticosteroids","volume":"25","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202872","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia","volume":"68","author":"Suissa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14263","article-title":"Bronchiectasis enters the inflammation era","volume":"27","author":"Keir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000453","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00453-2020","article-title":"Blood eosinophils predict inhaled fluticasone response in bronchiectasis","volume":"56","author":"Aliberti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1889OC","article-title":"Characterization of eosinophilic bronchiectasis: a European multicohort study","volume":"205","author":"Shoemark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30148-5","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count and pneumonia risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Pavord","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00606","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00606-2021","article-title":"Blood eosinophils to guide inhaled maintenance therapy in a primary care COPD population","volume":"8","author":"Ashdown","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.04.029","article-title":"The U-shaped relationship between eosinophil count and\u00a0bronchiectasis severity: the effect of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"164","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.01.041","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000}}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369223008085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369223008085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T01:28:41Z","timestamp":1727486921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369223008085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369223008085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.01.041","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Pneumonia Risk in Patients With COPD-Bronchiectasis Overlap","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}