{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:14:54Z","timestamp":1792120494249,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Health Research Funds of Quebec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T15:08:13Z","timestamp":1725635293000},"page":"330-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Choosing the Right Biologic for the Right Patient With Severe Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-6886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Couillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2299-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Pavord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"155","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901510","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0151-2019","article-title":"Short-course systemic corticosteroids in asthma: striking the balance between efficacy and safety","volume":"29","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03054-2021","article-title":"Low dose oral corticosteroids in asthma associates with increased morbidity and mortality","volume":"60","author":"Skov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219642","article-title":"Observational UK cohort study to describe intermittent oral corticosteroid prescribing patterns and their association with adverse outcomes in asthma","volume":"78","author":"Heatley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10379","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02125-0","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"401","author":"Porsbjerg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.008","article-title":"How I do it: workup of severe asthma","volume":"160","author":"Couillard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib6","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine","first-page":"411","article-title":"Biological therapies for asthma","author":"Couillard","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2032506","article-title":"Biologic therapies for severe asthma","volume":"386","author":"Brusselle","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2311155","article-title":"Benralizumab versus mepolizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"390","author":"Wechsler","year":"2024","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"164","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0271-2021","article-title":"Assessing adherence to inhaled therapies in asthma and the emergence of electronic monitoring devices","volume":"31","author":"Dhruve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1182OC","article-title":"Remotely monitored therapy and nitric oxide suppression identifies nonadherence in severe asthma","volume":"199","author":"Heaney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00534-3","article-title":"Use of digital measurement of medication adherence and lung function to guide the management of uncontrolled asthma (INCA Sun): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.008","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide suppression testing as an adherence screening tool among patients with difficult-to-control asthma","volume":"11","author":"Barry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120-11ST","article-title":"An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications","volume":"184","author":"Dweik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.01.016","article-title":"Individualized household allergen intervention lowers allergen level but not asthma medication use: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"DiMango","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806290","article-title":"Efficacy of esomeprazole for treatment of poorly controlled asthma","volume":"360","author":"Mastronarde","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib16","article-title":"Addition of anti-leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma","volume":"3","author":"Chauhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0388PP","article-title":"Theophylline","volume":"188","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib18","first-page":"CD015411","article-title":"Biologics for chronic severe asthma: a network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Crossingham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.11.007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of biologics for oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Phinyo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.021","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of tezepelumab to mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in eosinophilic asthma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Nopsopon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804093","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in glucocorticoid-dependent severe asthma","volume":"378","author":"Rabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703501","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of benralizumab in severe asthma","volume":"376","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403291","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma","volume":"371","author":"Bel","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202104-1040LE","article-title":"Fractional exhaled nitric oxide nonsuppression identifies corticosteroid-resistant type 2 signaling in severe asthma","volume":"204","author":"Couillard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patient characteristics, biomarkers, and exacerbation risk in severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"59","author":"Kraft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00124-7","article-title":"Baseline FeNO as a prognostic biomarker for subsequent severe asthma exacerbations in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma receiving placebo in the LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST study: a post hoc analysis","volume":"9","author":"Busse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0599LE","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive value of blood eosinophil count, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and their combination in severe asthma: a post hoc analysis","volume":"200","author":"Shrimanker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00570-2021","article-title":"Predicting the benefits of type-2 targeted anti-inflammatory treatment with the prototype OxfoRd Asthma attaCk risk scaLE (ORACLE)","volume":"8","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217325","article-title":"Derivation of a prototype asthma attack risk scale centred on blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide","volume":"77","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma","volume":"378","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034975","article-title":"Tezepelumab in adults and adolescents with severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"384","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1414OC","article-title":"Exploring the effects of omalizumab in allergic asthma: an analysis of biomarkers in the EXTRA study","volume":"187","author":"Hanania","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.043","article-title":"Omalizumab effectiveness by biomarker status in patients with asthma: evidence from PROSPERO, a prospective real-world study","volume":"7","author":"Casale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"10423","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02284-5","article-title":"Reduction of daily maintenance inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (SHAMAL): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 study","volume":"403","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9842","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X","article-title":"Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Pavord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2106567","article-title":"Dupilumab in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma","volume":"385","author":"Bacharier","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10351","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01198-9","article-title":"Mepolizumab for urban children with exacerbation-prone eosinophilic asthma in the USA (MUPPITS-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial","volume":"400","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00004-8","article-title":"Differing effects of mepolizumab across the life course","volume":"11","author":"Bush","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00936-2018","article-title":"Baseline patient factors impact on the clinical efficacy of benralizumab for severe asthma","volume":"52","author":"Bleecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02969.x","article-title":"IL-13 induced increases in nitrite levels are primarily driven by increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase as compared with effects on arginases in human primary bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Chibana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1754OC","article-title":"Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes","volume":"178","author":"Haldar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.052","article-title":"Severe adult-onset asthma: a distinct phenotype","volume":"132","author":"Amelink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0729LE","article-title":"Blood eosinophil depletion with mepolizumab, benralizumab, and prednisolone in eosinophilic asthma","volume":"202","author":"Moran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X20965072","article-title":"Asthma in pregnancy: an update","volume":"14","author":"Couillard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985646","article-title":"IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies","volume":"2012","author":"Palmeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.12.021","article-title":"Comparison of multiplex platforms for cytokine assessments and their potential use for biomarker profiling in multiple sclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Malekzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1159\/000237010","article-title":"Inhibition of allergic reactions with antibodies to IgE","volume":"107","author":"Shields","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib48","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing Information: Xolair\u00ae (omalizumab)","year":"2016","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.05.019","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in the omalizumab pregnancy registry and a disease-matched comparator cohort","volume":"145","author":"Namazy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13850","article-title":"The clinical benefit of mepolizumab replacing omalizumab in uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"74","author":"Chapman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2022.07.001","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies (biologics) for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"43","author":"Ramos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9248","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03496-6","article-title":"Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response","volume":"356","author":"Leckie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib53","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing information: Nucala\u00ae (mepolizumab)","year":"2015","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib54","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing information: Fasenra\u00ae (benralizumab)","year":"2017","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib55","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing information: Cinqair\u00ae (reslizumab)","year":"2016","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00537-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the oral corticosteroid-sparing effect of tezepelumab in adults with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma (SOURCE): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"10","author":"Wechsler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib57","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing information: TEZSPIRE\u00ae (tezepelumab)","year":"2021","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib58","article-title":"Highlights of prescribing\u00a0information: Dupixent\u00ae (dupilumab)","year":"2019","journal-title":"US Food and Drug Administration website"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib60","series-title":"Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions","author":"Schatz","year":"2015"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406673","article-title":"Twice-yearly depemokimab in severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype","volume":"391","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10118","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6","article-title":"After asthma: redefining airways diseases","volume":"391","author":"Pavord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.04.013","article-title":"Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic asthma: an expert consensus framework to characterize phenotypes in a global real-life severe asthma cohort","volume":"160","author":"Heaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30397-0","article-title":"Composite type-2 biomarker strategy versus a symptom-risk-based algorithm to adjust corticosteroid dose in patients with severe asthma: a multicentre, single-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Heaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202310-1751LE","article-title":"Biomarkers associated with lung function decline and dupilumab response in patients with asthma","volume":"209","author":"Pavord","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220972","article-title":"Type-2 inflammation and lung function decline in chronic airway disease in the general population","volume":"79","author":"\u00c7olak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001932","article-title":"Phenotyping the Responses to Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma Attacks (PRISMA): protocol for an observational and translational pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Celis-Preciado","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1739OC","article-title":"Long-term azithromycin reduces haemophilus influenzae and increases antibiotic resistance in severe asthma","volume":"200","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000194","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00194-2020","article-title":"Airway abundance of Haemophilus influenzae predicts response to azithromycin in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma","volume":"56","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10095","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31281-3","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-2005OC","article-title":"Efficacy of tezepelumab in severe, uncontrolled asthma: pooled analysis of PATHWAY and NAVIGATOR studies","volume":"208","author":"Corren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00226-5","article-title":"Effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammatory cells, remodelling, and hyperresponsiveness in patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma (CASCADE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Diver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01296-2021","article-title":"The effect of tezepelumab on airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol in asthma (UPSTREAM)","volume":"59","author":"Sverrild","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058215","article-title":"Blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and the risk of asthma attacks in randomised controlled trials: protocol for a systemic review and control arm patient-level meta-analysis for clinical prediction modelling","volume":"12","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217994","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in sputum and blood inflammatory mediators during FeNO suppression testing","volume":"77","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14294","article-title":"Sub-stratification of type-2 high airway disease for therapeutic decision-making: A \u2018bomb\u2019 (blood eosinophils) meets \u2018magnet\u2019 (FeNO) framework","volume":"27","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30031-5","article-title":"Severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab stratified by baseline eosinophil thresholds: a secondary analysis of the DREAM and MENSA studies","volume":"4","author":"Ortega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30344-2","article-title":"Predictors of enhanced response with benralizumab for patients with severe asthma: pooled analysis of the SIROCCO and CALIMA studies","volume":"6","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.01.031","article-title":"Indirect treatment comparison of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"9","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00097-7","article-title":"Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.032","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials","volume":"146","author":"Gevaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.019","article-title":"Effect of dupilumab on blood eosinophil counts in patients with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, atopic dermatitis, or eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"10","author":"Wechsler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S328653","article-title":"Real world biologic use and switch patterns in severe asthma: data from the international severe asthma registry and the US CHRONICLE study","volume":"15","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.014","article-title":"Benralizumab effectiveness in severe asthma is independent of previous biologic use","volume":"10","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib84","article-title":"Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and clinical outcomes in mepolizumab therapy for severe asthma","volume":"55","author":"d\u2019Ancona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14222","article-title":"Biologic therapy practices in severe asthma; outcomes from the UK Severe Asthma Registry and survey of specialist opinion","volume":"53","author":"Mansur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14737","article-title":"Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and clinical outcomes following a year of benralizumab therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"76","author":"d\u2019Ancona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00004-7","article-title":"The inflammatory profile of exacerbations in patients with severe refractory eosinophilic asthma receiving mepolizumab (the MEX study): a prospective observational study","volume":"9","author":"McDowell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib88","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of oral prednisolone at stable state in people treated with mepolizumab: a proteomic and bulk transcriptomics analysis","volume":"2024","author":"Howell","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/46741","article-title":"Recovery of breakthrough asthma attacks treated with oral steroids while on monoclonal antibody therapy: protocol for a prospective observational study (BOOST)","volume":"12","author":"Howell","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00935-2021","article-title":"Anti-IL5 mepolizumab minimally influences residual blood eosinophils in severe asthma","volume":"59","author":"van Hulst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200597","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00597-2022","article-title":"The alarmin(g) effect of interleukin-5 blockade on residual eosinophil function is of clinical consequence","volume":"60","author":"Couillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/nm896","article-title":"SOCS-3 regulates onset and maintenance of TH2-mediated allergic responses","volume":"9","author":"Seki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100396","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00396-2021","article-title":"Stopping versus continuing long-term mepolizumab treatment in severe eosinophilic asthma (COMET study)","volume":"59","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00492-1","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of tezepelumab in people with severe, uncontrolled asthma (DESTINATION): a randomised, placebo-controlled extension study","volume":"11","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369224051390?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369224051390?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T23:04:06Z","timestamp":1762124646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369224051390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369224051390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Choosing the Right Biologic for the Right Patient With Severe Asthma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}