{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:23:46Z","timestamp":1793658226366,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008349","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH und Co. KG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T18:59:41Z","timestamp":1740596381000},"page":"415-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Changes in Lung Function and Mortality Risk in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin M.","family":"Oldham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-1081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan L.","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3431-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Wojdyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mridu","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peide","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya C.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4247-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline","volume":"205","author":"Raghu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00155108","article-title":"Marginal decline in forced vital capacity is associated with a poor outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"Zappala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201105-0840OC","article-title":"Forced vital capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: test properties and minimal clinically important difference","volume":"184","author":"du Bois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1790OC","article-title":"Ascertainment of individual risk of mortality for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"184","author":"du Bois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201184","article-title":"Relative versus absolute change in forced vital capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"67","author":"Richeldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12700","article-title":"EMPIRE Registry, Czech part: impact of demographics, pulmonary function and HRCT on survival and clinical course in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Doubkov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.07.005","article-title":"Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: an update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation","volume":"40","author":"Leard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14231","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in subjects with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14579","article-title":"Decline in forced vital capacity as a surrogate for mortality in patients with pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"28","author":"Maher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202640","article-title":"Forced vital capacity as a primary end point in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment trials: making a silk purse from a sow\u2019s ear","volume":"68","author":"Wells","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.07.003","article-title":"Relative versus absolute decline in forced vital capacity in progressive pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"58","author":"Castro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib12","article-title":"Rationale for and design of the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-PRospective Outcomes (IPF-PRO) Registry","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib14","first-page":"185","article-title":"Standardized single breath normal values for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity","volume":"123","author":"Crapo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034905","article-title":"Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung","volume":"26","author":"Macintyre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00954.x","article-title":"Analysis of longitudinal data in the presence of informative observational times and a dependent terminal event, with application to medical cost data","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","article-title":"An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management","volume":"183","author":"Raghu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02503-5","article-title":"Lung function trajectories in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Neely","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"12 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-12_Part_1-200506210-00005","article-title":"The clinical course of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"142","author":"Martinez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0575-y","article-title":"Disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild physiological impairment: analysis from the Australian IPF registry","volume":"18","author":"Jo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02710-9","article-title":"Impact of lung function decline on time to hospitalisation events in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD): a joint model analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kreuter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30341-8","article-title":"Pirfenidone in patients with unclassifiable progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Maher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30554-3","article-title":"Pirfenidone in patients with progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (RELIEF): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"9","author":"Behr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908681","article-title":"Nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"381","author":"Flaherty","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30355-6","article-title":"Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease: clinical uncertainties, consensus recommendations, and research priorities","volume":"8","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001580","article-title":"Design of a phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of BI 1015550 in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (FIBRONEER-ILD)","volume":"10","author":"Maher","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00172","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00172-2019","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in a Greek multicentre idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis registry: a retrospective, observational, cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Antoniou","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1159\/000521138","article-title":"Nintedanib in IPF: post hoc analysis of the Italian FIBRONET observational study","volume":"101","author":"Harari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02593-2017","article-title":"Stability or improvement in forced vital capacity with nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"52","author":"Flaherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2023.03.003","article-title":"Effect of antifibrotic therapy on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"de Andrade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ther"}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369225002673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369225002673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T23:05:03Z","timestamp":1762124703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369225002673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369225002673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in Lung Function and Mortality Risk in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}