{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:28:34Z","timestamp":1790980114007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:49:41Z","timestamp":1780069781000},"page":"739-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Smoking-Related Comorbidities Detected Through Low-Dose CT Imaging Lung Cancer Screening"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Marie-Pierre","family":"Revel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Mo","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozemarijn","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Snoeckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873","article-title":"Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening","volume":"365","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911793","article-title":"Reduced lung-cancer mortality with volume CT screening in a randomized trial","volume":"382","author":"de Koning","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib3","article-title":"Impact of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer-related mortality","volume":"8","author":"Bonney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.07.022","volume":"19","author":"Huber","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.02.021","article-title":"Prevalence of airflow limitation and emphysema in lung cancer screening populations","volume":"168","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e31829efbe9","article-title":"Sources of variation in quantitative computed tomography of the lung","volume":"28","author":"Coxson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000647","article-title":"A challenge for emphysema quantification using a deep learning algorithm with low-dose chest computed tomography","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1490","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between lung cancer risk and emphysema detected on low-dose CT of the chest","volume":"132","author":"de Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0151","article-title":"Effect of emphysema on lung cancer risk in smokers: a computed tomography-based assessment","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3826-9","article-title":"Visual assessment of early emphysema and interstitial abnormalities on CT is useful in lung cancer risk analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wille","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.049","article-title":"Features of COPD as predictors of lung cancer","volume":"153","author":"Carr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.12.004","article-title":"Quantitative emphysema on low-dose CT imaging of the chest and risk of lung cancer and airflow obstruction","volume":"159","author":"Labaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207822","article-title":"Per cent emphysema is associated with respiratory and lung cancer mortality in the general population: a cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Oelsner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172294","article-title":"CT-based visual classification of emphysema: association with mortality in the COPDGene Study","volume":"288","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30168-5","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities detected incidentally on CT: a position paper from the Fleischner Society","volume":"8","author":"Hatabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202505-1054ST","article-title":"Approach to the evaluation and management of interstitial lung abnormalities: an official American Thoracic Society clinical statement","volume":"211","author":"Podolanczuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11259-5","article-title":"Optimizing prone CT use for suspected interstitial lung abnormalities","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202302-0271OC","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of adult interstitial lung abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"208","author":"Grant-Orser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110564","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on routine chest CT: comparison of radiologists\u2019 visual evaluation and automated quantification","volume":"157","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222828","article-title":"Interstitial lung abnormalities at CT in the Korean National Lung Cancer Screening Program: prevalence and deep learning-based texture analysis","volume":"307","author":"Chae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.243651","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of interstitial lung abnormalities detected in the Korean National Lung Cancer CT Screening Program","volume":"315","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202211-2098OC","article-title":"Deep learning assessment of progression of emphysema and fibrotic interstitial lung abnormality","volume":"208","author":"Ash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0410OC","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of interstitial lung abnormality: implication in follow-up strategy and risk thresholds","volume":"208","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10439-z","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of coronary artery calcium scoring on non-gated thoracic computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Osborne-Grinter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0507-8","article-title":"Reliability analysis of visual ranking of coronary artery calcification on low-dose CT of the thorax for lung cancer screening: comparison with ECG-gated calcium scoring CT","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2016.10.001","article-title":"Estimation of cardiovascular risk on routine chest CT: ordinal coronary artery calcium scoring as an accurate predictor of Agatston score ranges","volume":"11","author":"Azour","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06614-w","article-title":"Visual scoring of aortic valve calcifications on low-dose CT in lung cancer screening","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09117-3","article-title":"Fully automatic coronary calcium scoring in non-ECG-gated low-dose chest CT: comparison with ECG-gated cardiac CT","volume":"33","author":"Suh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112323","article-title":"Validation of artificial intelligence software for automatic calcium scoring in cardiac and chest computed tomography","volume":"191","author":"Hamelink","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib30","article-title":"ERS\/ESTS\/ESTRO\/ESR\/ESTI\/EFOMP statement on management of incidental findings from low dose CT screening for lung cancer","volume":"64","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15142062","article-title":"Association of coronary artery calcification and mortality in the National Lung Screening Trial: a comparison of three scoring methods","volume":"276","author":"Chiles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2014.11.006","article-title":"Quantification of coronary artery calcium in nongated CT to predict cardiovascular events in male lung cancer screening participants: results of the NELSON study","volume":"9","author":"Takx","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100383","article-title":"Ordinal scoring of coronary artery calcifications on low-dose CT scans of the chest is predictive of death from cardiovascular disease","volume":"257","author":"Shemesh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.250090","article-title":"ELCAP coronary artery calcium score at lung cancer screening CT predicts up to 25-year mortality","volume":"316","author":"Shemesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.026","article-title":"Sex differences in coronary artery and thoracic aorta calcification and their association with cardiovascular mortality in heavy smokers","volume":"12","author":"Lessmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0664-4","article-title":"Prognostic value of heart valve calcifications for cardiovascular events in a lung cancer screening population","volume":"31","author":"Willemink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.01.015","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in the lung cancer screening population: a multicenter study evaluating the association between coronary artery calcification and preventive statin prescription","volume":"18","author":"Tailor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.08.006","article-title":"Targeted lung cancer screening selects individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"124","author":"Balata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W54","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000287","article-title":"2016 SCCT\/STR guidelines for coronary artery calcium scoring of noncontrast noncardiac chest CT scans: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society of Thoracic Radiology","volume":"32","author":"Hecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"1117","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200894","article-title":"Reporting incidental coronary, aortic valve and cardiac calcification on non-gated thoracic computed tomography, a consensus statement from the BSCI\/BSCCT and BSTI","volume":"94","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.08.009","article-title":"A quick reference guide for incidental findings on lung cancer screening CT examinations","volume":"20","author":"Dyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46360-0","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and disproportionate changes of thoracic skeletal muscles in low-dose chest computed tomography","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-091656","article-title":"Smoking, alcohol and risk of sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"15","author":"Sha","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa141","article-title":"Automated muscle measurement on chest CT predicts all-cause mortality in older adults from the National Lung Screening Trial","volume":"76","author":"Lenchik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.07.013","article-title":"The added value of an AI-based body composition analysis in a lung cancer screening population: preliminary results","volume":"35","author":"Ledda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222937","article-title":"AI body composition in lung cancer screening: added value beyond lung cancer detection","volume":"308","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11735-6","article-title":"Beyond nodules: body composition as a biomarker for future lung cancer","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.50.1.47","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and bone mineral density in the elderly","volume":"50","author":"Egger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117176","article-title":"AI-based opportunistic quantitative image analysis of lung cancer screening CTs to reduce disparities in osteoporosis screening","volume":"186","author":"Huber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06679-y","article-title":"Automatic opportunistic osteoporosis screening using low-dose chest computed tomography scans obtained for lung cancer screening","volume":"30","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3361-0","article-title":"Osteoporosis markers on low-dose lung cancer screening chest computed tomography scans predict all-cause mortality","volume":"25","author":"Buckens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11254-w","article-title":"Coronary calcium score and emphysema extent on different CT radiation dose protocols in lung cancer screening","volume":"35","author":"Ledda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2023.100481","article-title":"Simultaneous assessment of heart and lungs with gated high-pitch ultra-low dose chest CT using artificial intelligence-based calcium scoring","volume":"10","author":"Andre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11580-7","article-title":"Pros and cons of reporting incidental findings in lung cancer screening","volume":"35","author":"Ledda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/09691413221117685","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbidity in the lung cancer screening population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Almatrafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.6.3.2018.0142","article-title":"Identifying smoking-related disease on lung cancer screening CT scans: increasing the value","volume":"6","author":"Regan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J COPD F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib56","unstructured":"Henschke CI. I-Elcap. Other findings on screening CTs and recommendations. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program website. Accessed May 9, 2025. https:\/\/www.ielcap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/other-findings-recommendations.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib57","unstructured":"National Health Service England. Quality assurance standards prepared for the Targeted Lung Health Checks programme. National Health Service England website. Accessed May 9, 2025. www.england.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/B1647-quality-assurance-standards-targeted-lung-health-checks-programme-v2.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202206-486RL","article-title":"Variability in reporting of incidental findings detected on lung cancer screening","volume":"20","author":"Henderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2025.107055","article-title":"Effective management of incidental findings in lung cancer screening: the role of the screening review meeting","volume":"90","author":"Au-Yong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215054","article-title":"Psychological outcomes of low-dose CT lung cancer screening in a multisite demonstration screening pilot: the Lung Screen Uptake Trial (LSUT)","volume":"75","author":"Kummer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib62","first-page":"388","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of CT screening in the National Lung Screening Trial","volume":"372","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2012.05.005","article-title":"Clinical implications and added costs of incidental findings in an early detection study of lung cancer by using low-dose spiral computed tomography","volume":"14","author":"Priola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000900","article-title":"Medical care costs were similar across the low-dose computed tomography and chest x-ray arms of the National Lung Screening Trial despite different rates of significant incidental findings","volume":"56","author":"Gareen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08422-7","article-title":"Can we increase efficiency of CT lung cancer screening by combining with CVD and COPD screening? Results of an early economic evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Behr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab002","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in the lung cancer screening setting: a simulation study","volume":"113","author":"Cadham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.02.008","article-title":"Potential impact of cessation interventions at the point of lung cancer screening on lung cancer and overall mortality in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2025.03.030","article-title":"Reducing Lung cancer mortality by providing smoking cessation support in the lung cancer screening setting: missed opportunities and lessons learned on both sides of the Atlantic","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037086","article-title":"Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking (YESS) study: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of adding a personalised smoking cessation intervention to a lung cancer screening programme","volume":"10","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202501-0011ST","article-title":"Lung cancer screening and incidental findings: a research agenda: an official American Thoracic Society research statement","volume":"211","author":"Henderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226007610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226007610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:50:16Z","timestamp":1789519816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369226007610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369226007610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Smoking-Related Comorbidities Detected Through Low-Dose CT Imaging Lung Cancer Screening","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.05.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}