{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:35:53Z","timestamp":1793018153002,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:53:45Z","timestamp":1784303625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Ethics"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1304-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas V.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-2678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyeeta","family":"Dastidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Condella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Schuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Micah","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004843","article-title":"The story of ECMO","volume":"140","author":"Bartlett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1155-7","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill adults in the emergency department: history, current applications, and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Mosier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1138","article-title":"Ethical dilemmas encountered with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults","volume":"145","author":"Abrams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-757OC","article-title":"Ethics committee consultation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"13","author":"Courtwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2019.387","article-title":"How should ECMO initiation and withdrawal decisions be shared?","volume":"21","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002766","article-title":"Decision-making, ethics, and end-of-life care in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a comprehensive narrative review","volume":"22","author":"Moynihan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106881","article-title":"Mitigating ethical conflict and moral distress in the care of patients on ECMO: impact of an automatic ethics consultation protocol","volume":"47","author":"Wirpsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6094","article-title":"Media portrayals of outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"181","author":"Fernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2022.2075959","article-title":"From bridge to destination? Ethical considerations related to withdrawal of ECMO support over the objections of capacitated patients","volume":"23","author":"Childress","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib10","series-title":"Guidance for Healthcare Ethics Committees","author":"Hester","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.10.002","article-title":"A history of ethics and law in the intensive care unit","volume":"25","author":"Luce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2014.889775","article-title":"An embedded model for ethics consultation: characteristics, outcomes, and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Bruce","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJOB Empirical Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2017.1292327","article-title":"Growing an ethics consultation service: a longitudinal study examining two decades of practice","volume":"8","author":"Gorka","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJOB Empirical Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2020.1844820","article-title":"Comparison is not a zero-sum game: exploring advanced measures of healthcare ethics consultation","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJOB Empirical Bioethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1086\/JCE2022334277","article-title":"Telling stories with data","volume":"33","author":"Teti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-22-00480.1","article-title":"Narrative reviews: flexible, rigorous, and practical","volume":"14","author":"Sukhera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-22","article-title":"Meta-narrative and realist reviews: guidance, rules, publication standards and quality appraisal","volume":"11","author":"Gough","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib18","author":"Semler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib19","author":"Moynihan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib20","author":"Supady"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60575-9","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.010","article-title":"Finishing well: compassionate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation discontinuation","volume":"63","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2024.2337393","article-title":"Ethical and equity guidance for transplant programs considering thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) for procurement of hearts","volume":"24","author":"Dudzinski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2024.2350873","article-title":"Resuscitating the dead: NRP and language","volume":"24","author":"Magnus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib26","series-title":"Community input on NRP: establishing ethical guidelines for normothermic regional perfusion through community and professional engagement","author":"Pannekoek","year":"2026"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006360","article-title":"Clinicians\u2019 use of choice framing in ICU family meetings","volume":"52","author":"Hart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.06.003","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a team sport: institutional survival benefits of a formalized ECMO team","volume":"33","author":"Dalia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003422","article-title":"Formal ethics consultation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients: a single-center retrospective cohort of a quaternary pediatric hospital","volume":"25","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1300\/J457v02n02_02","article-title":"The role of social work in the ICU: reducing family distress and facilitating end-of-life decision-making","volume":"2","author":"Rose","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/15524256.2018.1437588","article-title":"Reflective debriefing: a social work intervention addressing moral distress among ICU nurses","volume":"14","author":"Browning","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms1611497","article-title":"Who decides when a patient can\u2019t? Statutes on alternate decision makers","volume":"376","author":"DeMartino","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2009.01783.x","article-title":"Navigating the murky intersection between clinical and organizational ethics: a hybrid case taxonomy","volume":"25","author":"Bean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-14-2-120","article-title":"Setting expectations for ECMO: improving communication between clinical teams and decision makers","volume":"14","author":"Stephens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.027","article-title":"The role of palliative care in withdrawal of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock","volume":"61","author":"Godfrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Sympt Manage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004016","article-title":"Early palliative care consultation in the medical ICU: a cluster randomized crossover trial","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.06.007","article-title":"Systematic versus on-demand early palliative care: results from a multicentre, randomised clinical trial","volume":"65","author":"Maltoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-025-09724-3","article-title":"Parents (of minors) are not surrogates: acknowledging (finally) the unique moral space of parents","volume":"46","author":"Hester","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioeth"}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226059763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226059763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:12:24Z","timestamp":1793016744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369226059763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0012369226059763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Ethics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.06.056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}