{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:19:22Z","timestamp":1788268762891,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:03:36Z","timestamp":1787209416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding the Pulmonary Function Testing Experience"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8367-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingqian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asritha","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4723-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ieong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101183440307","article-title":"Are patients\u2019 office visits with physicians getting shorter?","volume":"344","author":"Mechanic","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.725","article-title":"Survey of maternal anxiety and perceptions towards foetal MRI and pre-scan education","volume":"71","author":"Plunkett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848251333025","article-title":"The effect of pre-procedural anxiety level on the quality of upper GI endoscopy in non-sedated patients: \u201ccan the need for sedation be predicted?\u201d","volume":"18","author":"Karpuzcu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib5","series-title":"Health Literacy and Patient Safety: Help Patients Understand. Manual for Clinicians","author":"Weiss","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2010.530172","article-title":"Developing visual images for communicating information about antiretroviral side effects to a low-literate population","volume":"9","author":"Dowse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J AIDS Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-3991(96)00891-9","article-title":"Developing cancer pamphlets for economically disadvantaged African Americans","volume":"28","author":"Price","year":"1996","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2007.0108","article-title":"Culturally sensitive oral health educational materials for older African Americans","volume":"18","author":"Slaughter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-014-0780-1","article-title":"Development and evaluation of patient education materials for elderly lung cancer patients","volume":"31","author":"Jewitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Canc Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.12.025","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a patient education video promoting pneumococcal vaccination","volume":"100","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/07370016.2011.614827","article-title":"Addressing health disparities through patient education: the development of culturally-tailored health education materials at Puentes de Salud","volume":"28","author":"Harvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Community Health Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib12","series-title":"Bringing User Experience to Healthcare Improvement: The Concepts, Methods and Practices of Experience-Based Design","author":"Bate","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib13","first-page":"65","article-title":"Coaching patients during pulmonary function testing: a practical guide","volume":"51","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Respir Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20016689.2023.2241234","article-title":"Rapid literature review: definition and methodology","volume":"11","author":"Smela","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mark Access Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16","article-title":"Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions","volume":"7","author":"Schardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.1010779","article-title":"The effectiveness of video animations as information tools for patients and the general public: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Moe-Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib18","series-title":"Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design","author":"Creswell","year":"2018"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112516","article-title":"Qualitative methods in implementation research: an introduction","volume":"280","author":"Hamilton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00684.x","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis for health services research: developing taxonomy, themes, and theory","volume":"42","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2022.08.009","article-title":"Improving surgical patient education materials using informational design with visual elements","volume":"224","author":"Duong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-022-02208-1","article-title":"Health literacy and radiation therapy: a current state assessment of patient education materials","volume":"38","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Canc Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.05.009","article-title":"Assessing readability formula differences with written health information materials: application, results, and recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210246","article-title":"Safety of pulmonary function testing: data from 20 years","volume":"73","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.081","article-title":"Patient vs clinician perspectives on communication about results of lung cancer screening: a qualitative study","volume":"158","author":"Wiener","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100132","article-title":"Clinician and patient perspectives on screening mammography among women age 75 and older: a pilot study of a novel decision aid","volume":"2","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2023","journal-title":"PEC Innov"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaf058","article-title":"Patient and clinician perceptions of a \u201cpeople-like-me\u201d tool for personalized rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty: a qualitative interview study","volume":"105","author":"Churchill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.011","article-title":"Psychological aspects in the perception of dyspnea in obstructive pulmonary diseases","volume":"101","author":"von Leupoldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"7454","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38111.639734.7C","article-title":"Stigma, shame, and blame experienced by patients with lung cancer: qualitative study","volume":"328","author":"Chapple","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00316-7","article-title":"Stigma: an unmet public health priority in COPD","volume":"9","author":"Mathioudakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2009.01.012","article-title":"Development and preliminary evaluation of a bowel cancer screening decision aid for adults with lower literacy","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.6016","article-title":"Patients\u2019 expectations of the benefits and harms of treatments, screening, and tests: a systematic review","volume":"175","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2020-0112","article-title":"Measuring patient experience of diagnostic care and acceptability of testing","volume":"8","author":"Forster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnosis (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2025.2552667","article-title":"Influence of educational materials on patient satisfaction","volume":"57","author":"Hernandez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Health Educ"}],"container-title":["CHEST"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226064391?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369226064391?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:41:17Z","timestamp":1788266477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369226064391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0012369226064391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the Pulmonary Function Testing Experience","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2026.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}