{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T21:06:27Z","timestamp":1779051987086,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]],"date-time":"2009-03-27T04:43:36Z","timestamp":1238129016000},"page":"209-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Child abuse: Betrayal and disclosure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Melissa Ming","family":"Foynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Freyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne P.","family":"DePrince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.016","article-title":"Many ways of telling: Expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure","volume":"28","author":"Alaggia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559598003001006","article-title":"To tell or not to tell: Current functioning of child sexual abuse survivors who disclosed their victimization","volume":"3","author":"Arata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(90)90078-8","article-title":"The effects of disclosure and intervention on sexually abused children","volume":"14","author":"Berliner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib4","series-title":"Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association","article-title":"Male victimization and perpetration","author":"Becker-Blease","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1086\/514425","article-title":"Prevalence of child sexual abuse: A corrective metanalysis","volume":"73","author":"Bolen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Social Service Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013098307063","article-title":"Effects of writing about rape: Evaluating Pennebaker's paradigm with a severe trauma","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1037\/1099-9809.5.3.222","article-title":"Disclosure of HIV infection among Asian\/Pacific Islander American women: Cultural stigma and support","volume":"5","author":"Chin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.1.201","article-title":"Behavioral manifestations of social support: A microanalytic investigation","volume":"51","author":"Cutrona","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib9","first-page":"2953","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic responses: An examination of fear and betrayal (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon 2001)","volume":"62","author":"DePrince","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00017-3","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention: What offenders tell us","volume":"19","author":"Elliott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(89)90015-X","article-title":"Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boy and girl victims differ","volume":"13","author":"Faller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib12","series-title":"Betrayal trauma: The logic of forgetting childhood abuse","author":"Freyd","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v02n03_02","article-title":"Self-reported memory for abuse depends upon victim\u2013perpetrator relationship","volume":"2","author":"Freyd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v06n03_04","article-title":"Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention","volume":"6","author":"Freyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108066","article-title":"The science of child sexual abuse","volume":"308","author":"Freyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v07n03_04","article-title":"Self-reports of potentially traumatic experiences in an adult community sample: Gender differences and test-retest stabilities of the items in a Brief Betrayal-Trauma Survey","volume":"7","author":"Goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00037-1","article-title":"Why children tell: A model of children's disclosure of sexual abuse","volume":"27","author":"Goodman-Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007758711939","article-title":"Outcomes of single versus multiple trauma exposure in a screening sample","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00028-9","article-title":"Factors related to the reporting of childhood rape","volume":"23","author":"Hanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203255228","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the healthy: Impacts of emotional disclosure of trauma on resilient self-concept and psychological distress","volume":"29","author":"Hemenover","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.164","article-title":"Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies","volume":"113","author":"Kendall-Tackett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.09.014","article-title":"Disclosing unwanted sexual experiences: Results from a national sample of adolescent women","volume":"28","author":"Kogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.3.499","article-title":"Talking facilitates cognitive-emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor","volume":"78","author":"Lepore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib24","first-page":"21","article-title":"The Abuse-Perpetration Inventory: Development of a valid assessment instrument for research on the cycle of violence","volume":"16","author":"Lisak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Family Violence & Sexual Assault Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell?","volume":"11","author":"London","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy & Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.3.452","article-title":"Perceived social support, self-efficacy, and adjustment to abortion","volume":"59","author":"Major","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90081-7","article-title":"Adult disclosure of sexual abuse: A primary cause of psychological distress?","volume":"18","author":"McNulty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00091-5","article-title":"Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse","volume":"22","author":"Paine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1348\/147608303322362488","article-title":"Verbal and non-verbal disclosure of recalled negative experiences: Relation to well-being","volume":"76","author":"Pantchenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A simulation of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis","volume":"99","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.4.867","article-title":"A comparison of cognitive processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims","volume":"70","author":"Resick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib32","series-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapies for trauma","first-page":"65","article-title":"Prolonged exposure treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Riggs","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib33","series-title":"Emotion, disclosure & health","first-page":"271","article-title":"Mental rumination, social sharing and the recovery from emotional exposure","author":"Rime","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.1.22","article-title":"A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples","volume":"124","author":"Rind","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199411000-00004","article-title":"Reactions to disclosure of childhood sexual abuse: The effect on adult symptoms","volume":"182","author":"Roesler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559503260309","article-title":"Is disclosure of childhood rape associated with mental health outcome? Results from the National Women's Study","volume":"9","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment: Journal of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v12n01_04","article-title":"Emotional closeness with perpetrators and amnesia for child sexual abuse","volume":"12","author":"Schultz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00130-1","article-title":"Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.71.3.332","article-title":"Variables in delayed disclosure of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"71","author":"Somer","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib40","first-page":"3","article-title":"How children tell: The process of disclosure in child sexual abuse.","author":"Sorensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Welfare, LXX"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.11.2.143","article-title":"Do social reactions to sexual assault victims vary by support provider?","volume":"11","author":"Ullman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Violence & Victims"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.6.758","article-title":"Internal and external mediators of women's sexual abuse in childhood","volume":"58","author":"Wyatt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling & Clinical Psychology"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213409000337?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213409000337?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T00:13:55Z","timestamp":1558224835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213409000337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0145213409000337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}