{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:34:50Z","timestamp":1789659290648,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T20:46:07Z","timestamp":1402001167000},"page":"113-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mi-Youn","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0215","series-title":"Parenting Stress Index: Professional Manual","author":"Abidin","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0005","series-title":"Categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000940","article-title":"Children's health status: Examining the associations among income poverty, material hardship, and parental factors","volume":"2","author":"Ashiabi","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0015","series-title":"State report card on child homelessness: America's youngest outcasts 2010","author":"Bassuk","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.02.017","article-title":"Income, family structure and child maltreatment risk","volume":"26","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.006","article-title":"Income, family characteristics and physical violence toward children","volume":"29","author":"Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0030","series-title":"Economic determinants and consequences of child maltreatment","author":"Berger","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J134v05n01_02","article-title":"Measures of material hardship: Rationale and recommendations","volume":"5","author":"Beverly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1257\/.40.4.1105","article-title":"Evaluating welfare reform in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Blank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0225","series-title":"The child rearing practices report","author":"Block","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00087-8","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(95)00144-1","article-title":"Onset of physical abuse and neglect: Psychiatric, substance abuse and social risk factors from prospective community data","volume":"20","author":"Chaffin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568200007004003","article-title":"Growing up with unemployment a study of parental unemployment and children's risk of abuse and neglect based on national longitudinal 1973 birth cohorts in Denmark","volume":"7","author":"Christofferson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0065","series-title":"Household food security in the United States in 2012","author":"Coleman-Jensen","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/1131344","article-title":"A family process model of economic hardship and adjustment of early adolescent boys","volume":"63","author":"Conger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.2307\/1131646","article-title":"Community level factors and child maltreatment rates","volume":"66","author":"Coulton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0075","series-title":"Work, family, health, and well-being","first-page":"275","article-title":"When do we really know what we think we know? Determining causality","author":"Currie","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.1.50","article-title":"Children of depressed parents: An integrative review","volume":"108","author":"Downey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00091-9","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between neighborhood poverty and specific types of child maltreatment","volume":"20","author":"Drake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559503258930","article-title":"Substantiation and recidivism","volume":"20","author":"Drake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment 8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0240","first-page":"802","article-title":"Child","volume":"29","author":"Dworsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"parent, and family predictors of child welfare services involvement among TANF applicant families, Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0085","first-page":"3","article-title":"What does it mean to be poor in America?","volume":"119","author":"Federman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Monthly Labor Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/52.1.7","article-title":"Understanding the geospatial relationship of neighborhood characteristics and rates of maltreatment for black, Hispanic, and white children","volume":"52","author":"Freisthler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764292035003005","article-title":"Poverty and violence toward children","volume":"35","author":"Gelles","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0100","series-title":"Violence against children: Physical child abuse in the United States","author":"Gil","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00134-8","article-title":"Unemployment rates, single parent density and indices of child poverty: Their relationship to different categories of child abuse and neglect","volume":"22","author":"Gillham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2006.12.003","article-title":"Income poverty and material hardship: How strong is the association?","volume":"36","author":"Iceland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Socio-Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0115","series-title":"The ongoing impact of foreclosures on children","author":"Isaacs","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0245","series-title":"Kids Count Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being","author":"Kids Count 2013","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00003-4","article-title":"Predicting child maltreatment in the first 4 years of life: From characteristics assessed in the neonatal period","volume":"23","author":"Kotch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-7409(99)00053-5","article-title":"Poverty, early childbearing and child maltreatment: A multinomial analysis","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.19.5.573.63682","article-title":"Child maltreatment in families experiencing domestic violence","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0255","series-title":"Work, welfare, and well-being: An independent look at welfare reform in Illinois (Illinois Families Study: project description and first year report)","author":"Lewis","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.04.023","article-title":"Effects of anti-poverty services under the differential response approach to childwelfare","author":"Loman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Children and Youth Service Review34"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-7409(02)00264-5","article-title":"The impact of welfare reform on children: An introduction","volume":"25","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.08.015","article-title":"Major life events and the risk of a child maltreatment investigation","volume":"27","author":"McDaniel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Children and Youth Service Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508318399","article-title":"Risk factors for child\u00a0and adolescent maltreatment: A longitudinal investigation of a cohort of inner-city youth","volume":"14","author":"Mersky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-7409(99)00055-9","article-title":"Transitions from AFDC to child welfare in California","volume":"21","author":"Needell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017005005","article-title":"Children's impact on stress and employability of mothers in poverty","volume":"17","author":"Orthner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0155","series-title":"Measures of material hardship: Final report","author":"Ouellette","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1086\/339609","article-title":"Work, welfare and child maltreatment","volume":"20","author":"Paxson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.10097","article-title":"Welfare reforms, family resources and child maltreatment","volume":"22","author":"Paxson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319","article-title":"The structure of coping","volume":"19","author":"Pearlin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self-report depresstion scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00415-5","article-title":"Child maltreatment in the children of the nineties: Deprivation, class and social networks in a UK sample","volume":"26","author":"Sidebotham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.03.006","article-title":"Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Stith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0270","series-title":"Barriers to the employment of welfare recipients, Working Paper 90","author":"Tolman","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0190","series-title":"Child welfare research: Advances for practice and policy","first-page":"15","article-title":"Epidemiology of child maltreatment","author":"Trocme","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0200","series-title":"Welfare, children and families: A three city study. Overview and design","author":"Winston","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0205","series-title":"Introductory econometrics: A modern approach","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009_bib0210","series-title":"Varying experiences of poverty and child protective service involvement within low income populations","author":"Yang","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213414001859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213414001859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T16:20:59Z","timestamp":1538583659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213414001859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0145213414001859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}