{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T01:35:46Z","timestamp":1761788146363,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2000-IJ-CX-0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2000-IJ-CX-0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,26]],"date-time":"2014-07-26T16:15:26Z","timestamp":1406391326000},"page":"1569-1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian D.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy B.","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.120253","article-title":"Population attributable fractions of psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation and attempts associated with adverse childhood experiences","volume":"98","author":"Afifi","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.131227","article-title":"Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: Meta-analysis","volume":"204","author":"Alisic","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0357-6","article-title":"Multimorbidity of psychiatric disorders as an indicator of clinical severity","volume":"252","author":"Angst","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.924","article-title":"MRI and PET study of deficits in hippocampal structure and function in women with childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"160","author":"Bremner","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334448","article-title":"The epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and other posttrauma disorders","volume":"10","author":"Breslau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00933-1","article-title":"A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: The posttraumatic stress disorder \u2013 Major depression connection","volume":"48","author":"Breslau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community. The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma","volume":"55","author":"Breslau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002594","article-title":"Partial PTSD versus full PTSD: An empirical examination of associated impairment","volume":"34","author":"Breslau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104544","article-title":"The nature and significance of memory disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"7","author":"Brewin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x","article-title":"Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: Differential links to emergent psychopathology","volume":"51","author":"Briggs-Gowan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(99)00011-4","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of lifetime physical and sexual victimization among incarcerated women","volume":"22","author":"Browne","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/12-121","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children","volume":"17","author":"Bruskas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Permanente Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885510382224","article-title":"Traumatic histories and stressful life events of incarcerated parents: Childhood and adult trauma histories","volume":"90","author":"Carlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.07.016","article-title":"Caregiver instability and early life changes among infants reported to the child welfare system","author":"Casanueva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0085","first-page":"359","article-title":"Adverse childhood events as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Chapman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.10.913","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and drug disorders: Testing causal pathways","volume":"55","author":"Chilcoat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600211","article-title":"Evaluating risk factors and possible mediation effects in posttraumatic depression and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity","volume":"126","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2009.02.002","article-title":"Childhood trauma and risk for past and future suicide attempts among women in prison","volume":"19","author":"Clements-Nolle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Women's Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20444","article-title":"A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity","volume":"22","author":"Cloitre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-3938.2009.01060.x","article-title":"Women, serious mental illness and recidivism: A gender-based analysis of recidivism risk for women with SMI released from prison","volume":"6","author":"Cloyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200404000-00005","article-title":"A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms","volume":"43","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015059812332","article-title":"The trauma of profound childhood loss: A personal and professional perspective","volume":"73","author":"Cournos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.17.6.639.33725","article-title":"Childhood victimization and subsequent adult revictimization assessed in a nationally representative sample of women and men","volume":"17","author":"Desai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","article-title":"The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.733","article-title":"Gender differences in jail inmates\u2019 symptoms of mental illness, treatment history and treatment seeking","volume":"19","author":"Drapalski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study","volume":"160","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.07.003","article-title":"Statistical procedures for analyzing mental health services data","volume":"160","author":"Elhai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005819","article-title":"Diagnostic alterations for post-traumatic stress disorder: Examining data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication and National Survey of Adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Elhai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2008.02.005","article-title":"Exposure to domestic violence: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031429","article-title":"Aggregation of lifetime Axis I psychiatric disorders through age 30: Incidence, predictors, and associated psychosocial outcomes","author":"Farmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370","article-title":"Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"200","author":"Fazel","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.001","article-title":"The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: Reliability, validity, and national norms","volume":"29","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508317185","article-title":"The developmental epidemiology of childhood victimization","volume":"24","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Children's exposure to violence: A comprehensive national survey","author":"Finkelhor","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0190"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0467","article-title":"Violence, abuse, and crime exposure in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"124","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.283","article-title":"Trends in childhood violence and abuse exposure: Evidence from 2 national surveys","volume":"164","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II DSM-IV Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-IV\/P)","author":"First","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0205"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/19322880802266805","article-title":"Ethnoracial minority background, psychological trauma, and complex post-traumatic stress disorder among urban low-income women with severe mental illness","volume":"7","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychological Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.10.003","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing affect regulation and supportive group therapies for victimization-related PTSD with incarcerated women","volume":"44","author":"Ford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6988.2006.tb00111.x","article-title":"Pathway from traumatic child victimization to delinquency: Implications for juvenile and permanency court proceedings and decisions","volume":"57","author":"Ford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Juvenile and Family Court Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812436957","article-title":"Complex trauma and aggression in secure juvenile justice settings","volume":"39","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Criminal Justice & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.11.212","article-title":"Poly-victimization and risk of posttraumatic, depressive, and substance use disorders and involvement in delinquency in a national sample of adolescents","volume":"46","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742646407001094","article-title":"Psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder among women in community mental health aftercare following psychiatric intensive care","volume":"3","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.01.005","article-title":"Poly-victimization among juvenile justice-involved youths","volume":"37","author":"Ford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350701615078","article-title":"Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults receiving public sector outpatient substance abuse disorder treatment","volume":"16","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.632343","article-title":"Randomized trial comparison of emotion regulation and relational psychotherapies for PTSD with girls involved in delinquency","volume":"41","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506292992","article-title":"Disorders of extreme stress (DESNOS) symptoms are associated with type and severity of interpersonal trauma exposure in a sample of healthy young women","volume":"21","author":"Ford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000145","article-title":"Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Fowler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development & Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024767020280","article-title":"An examination of antecedent traumas and psychiatric comorbidity among male inmates with PTSD","volume":"12","author":"Gibson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.006","article-title":"Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression: A 20-year longitudinal study of war veterans","volume":"123","author":"Ginzburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012591","article-title":"The structure of distress following trauma: Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"117","author":"Grant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0285","series-title":"Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents","article-title":"Cumulative trauma in childhood","author":"Grasso","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20279","article-title":"Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial","volume":"62","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000180740.02644.ab","article-title":"Subthreshold PTSD in primary care: Prevalence, psychiatric disorders, healthcare use, and functional status","volume":"193","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2037","article-title":"Relative contributions of gender and traumatic life experience to the prediction of mental disorders in a sample of incarcerated offenders","volume":"30","author":"Gunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20433","article-title":"Prospective effects of post-bereavement negative events on cortisol activity in parentally bereaved youth","volume":"52","author":"Hagan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Children's exposure to intimate partner violence and other family violence","author":"Hamby","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0310"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128703257198","article-title":"Damaged goods: Exploring predictors of distress in prison inmates","volume":"50","author":"Hochstetler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"year":"2006","series-title":"Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates (DOJ Publication NCJ 213600)","author":"James","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0320"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00015","article-title":"Chronic stress and illness in children: The role of allostatic load","volume":"60","author":"Johnston-Brooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002","article-title":"Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition","volume":"35","author":"Juster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-008-9332-5","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress as a mediator of the relationship between trauma and mental health problems among juvenile delinquents","volume":"38","author":"Kerig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2011.572989","article-title":"Exploring gender differences in trauma exposure and the emergence of symptoms of PTSD among incarcerated men and women","volume":"22","author":"Komarovskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731504265837","article-title":"The effects of PTSD on treatment adherence, drug relapse, and criminal recidivism in a sample of incarcerated men and women","volume":"14","author":"Kubiak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199504000-00018","article-title":"Adolescent psychopathology: III. The clinical consequences of comorbidity","volume":"34","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000181047.59702.58","article-title":"Toward evidence-based treatment: Child\u2013parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence","volume":"44","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1878","article-title":"Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample","volume":"158","author":"MacMillan","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.38.6.613","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: Overview and issues","volume":"38","author":"Margolin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Professional Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02950-4","article-title":"The neurobiology of stress: From serendipity to clinical relevance","volume":"886","author":"McEwen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.05.011","article-title":"Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of adolescents","volume":"52","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20663","article-title":"The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: Predictors and comorbidity","volume":"24","author":"Meewisse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.082016","article-title":"Childhood trauma and women's health outcomes in a California prison population","volume":"96","author":"Messina","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.11.008","article-title":"Child maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort","volume":"37","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00452-5","article-title":"Dimensions of trauma associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caseness, severity and functional impairment: A study of Bosnian refugees resettled in Australia","volume":"57","author":"Momartin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20129","article-title":"Associations between psychological trauma and physical illness in primary care","volume":"19","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.8.755","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing","volume":"282","author":"North","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1320","volume":"162","author":"Perkonigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579411000186","article-title":"Foundations of posttraumatic stress disorder: Does early life trauma lead to adult posttraumatic stress disorder?","volume":"23","author":"Pratchett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development & Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579411000587","article-title":"Child maltreatment and allostatic load: Consequences for physical and mental health in children from low-income families","volume":"23","author":"Rogosch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development & Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00045-8","article-title":"Revictimization rates and method variance: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Roodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.828","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for female offenders: Relationship to number of axis I disorders","volume":"26","author":"Sacks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-010-9223-7","article-title":"Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness: Creating a new paradigm for recidivism reduction","volume":"35","author":"Skeem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v45n01_01","article-title":"Mental illness in offender populations: Prevalence, duty and implications","volume":"45","author":"Soderstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.6.761","article-title":"Prevalence of serious mental illness among jail inmates","volume":"60","author":"Steadman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060047007","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated women: Pretrial jail detainees","volume":"53","author":"Teplin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0470","first-page":"490","article-title":"Current and lifetime psychiatric illness among inmates not identified as acutely mentally ill at intake in Connecticut's jails","volume":"35","author":"Trestman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.05.030","article-title":"The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents","volume":"62","author":"Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030148","article-title":"Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: Preliminary findings in healthy adults","volume":"7","author":"Tyrka","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1448","article-title":"Well-being, physical functioning, and use of health services in the elderly with PTSD and subthreshold PTSD","volume":"21","author":"van Zelst","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0490","first-page":"57","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of psychiatric disorders in correctional settings","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Veysey","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511421670","article-title":"Child maltreatment histories among female inmates reporting inmate on inmate sexual victimization in prison: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation","volume":"27","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","article-title":"Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research","volume":"13","author":"Weathers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.2.124","article-title":"Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale","volume":"11","author":"Weathers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.12.006","article-title":"Childhood victimization and lifetime revictimization","volume":"32","author":"Widom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.009","article-title":"The case for prospective longitudinal studies in child maltreatment research: Commentary on Dube, Williamson, Thompson, Felitti, and Anda (2004)","volume":"28","author":"Widom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01974.x","article-title":"Research review: The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: A meta-analytic review","volume":"50","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.02.004","article-title":"Comorbidity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A structural equation modelling approach","volume":"49","author":"Wittmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9051908","article-title":"Childhood and adult trauma experiences of incarcerated persons and their relationship to adult behavioral health problems and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Wolff","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.24.4.469","article-title":"Patterns of victimization among male and female inmates: Evidence of an enduring legacy","volume":"24","author":"Wolff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Violence and Victomology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.8.pss6208_0954","article-title":"Trauma exposure and mental health characteristics of incarcerated females self-referred to specialty PTSD treatment","volume":"62","author":"Wolff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0545","series-title":"Handbook of correctional mental health","first-page":"277","article-title":"Trauma and incarcerated persons","author":"Wolff","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.03.008","article-title":"Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.009","article-title":"Is there a specific relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and repeated suicidal behavior?","volume":"28","author":"Ystgaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199712000-00007","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), PTSD comorbidity, and childhood abuse among incarcerated women","volume":"185","author":"Zlotnick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.831","article-title":"Gender differences in comorbid disorders among offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs","volume":"26","author":"Zlotnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213414002312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213414002312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:06:58Z","timestamp":1758935218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213414002312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0145213414002312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0145-2134"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}