{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:18:25Z","timestamp":1793384305426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T00:00:30Z","timestamp":1424304030000},"page":"163-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":619,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Bryanna Hahn","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Baglivio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Epps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x","article-title":"Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency","volume":"30","author":"Agnew","year":"1992","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.015","article-title":"Building a framework for global surveillance of the public health implications of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"39","author":"Anda","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2009.09.008","article-title":"The assessment of risk to recidivate among a juvenile offending population","volume":"37","author":"Baglivio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders","volume":"3","author":"Baglivio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204012440107","article-title":"Examining the validity of a juvenile offending risk assessment instrument across gender and race\/ethnicity","volume":"11","author":"Baglivio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12064","article-title":"Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: A statewide analysis of prevalence and prediction of subsequent recidivism using risk and protective factors","volume":"13","author":"Baglivio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0385","series-title":"A comparison of risk assessment instruments in juvenile justice","author":"Baird","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0030","series-title":"Social learning and personality development","author":"Bandura","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt038","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences: Retrospective study to determine their impact on adult health behaviours and health outcomes in a UK population","volume":"36","author":"Bellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/798612","article-title":"A differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior","volume":"14","author":"Burgess","year":"1966","journal-title":"Social Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0045","series-title":"Acquaintance rape: Assessment, treatment, and prevention","first-page":"145","article-title":"The victim: Issues in identification and treatment","author":"Burkhart","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20070501-07","article-title":"Adverse childhood events as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Chapman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x","article-title":"Annual research review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children \u2013 Past, present, and future perspectives","volume":"54","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.2011.00666.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine regulation and emotional adaptation in the context of child maltreatment","volume":"77","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199505000-00008","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on child abuse and neglect","volume":"34","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144029","article-title":"Child maltreatment","volume":"1","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023092324459","article-title":"The monetary value of saving a high-risk youth","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-008-9057-3","article-title":"New evidence on the monetary value of saving a high risk youth","volume":"25","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease","volume":"106","author":"Danese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiological Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2011.05.001","article-title":"New frontiers in criminal careers research, 2000\u20132011: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"39","author":"DeLisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20274","article-title":"Trauma histories among justice-involved youth: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network","volume":"4","author":"Dierkhising","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2270481","article-title":"Mechanisms in the cycle of violence","volume":"250","author":"Dodge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00105-4","article-title":"The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood","volume":"27","author":"Dong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0110","series-title":"Handbook of crime correlates","author":"Ellis","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940300021X","article-title":"A longitudinal behavioral genetic analysis of the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior","volume":"15","author":"Eley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.4.2.79","article-title":"Early predictions of adolescent aggression and adult violence","volume":"4","author":"Farrington","year":"1989","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00987.x","article-title":"Developmental and life-course criminology: Key theoretical and empirical issues","volume":"41","author":"Farrington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0130","series-title":"Integrated developmental and life-course theories of offending","first-page":"73","article-title":"The integrated cognitive antisocial potential (ICAP) theory","author":"Farrington","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0135","series-title":"Oxford handbook of crime prevention","first-page":"46","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for offending","author":"Farrington","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0140","series-title":"Crime in the United States, 2011","author":"Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.09.012","article-title":"Lifetime assessment of poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"33","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.420","article-title":"Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale","volume":"167","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.22","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and child health in early adolescence","volume":"167","author":"Flaherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0165","series-title":"Juvenile justice sourcebook: Past, present and future","first-page":"554","article-title":"Serious, chronic, and violent offenders","author":"Fox","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.02.014","article-title":"Targeting cognitive-affective mechanisms in stress-precipitated alcohol dependence: An integrated, biopsychosocial model of allostasis, automaticity, and addiction","volume":"76","author":"Garland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2009.00653.x","article-title":"Parental incarceration and child well-being: Implications for urban families","volume":"90","author":"Geller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0180","series-title":"A general theory of crime","author":"Gottfredson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0190","series-title":"Inequality in America: What role for human capital policies?","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00255-1","article-title":"Gender differences in the risk for delinquency among youth exposed to family violence","volume":"25","author":"Herrera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.320","article-title":"The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death","volume":"2","author":"Hillis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2307\/2673783","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Hillis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspective"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0210","article-title":"Trauma and mental health problems in adolescent males: Differences between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset offenders","author":"Hoeve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminal Justice & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.14.1.95","article-title":"Affective, organizational, and relational characteristics of maltreating families: A system's perspective","volume":"14","author":"Howes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001851","article-title":"MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children's mental health: New evidence and a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kim-Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2011.619433","article-title":"Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: Implications for practice and health policy","volume":"29","author":"Larkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Work in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0230","series-title":"The generality of deviance","first-page":"235","article-title":"Unemployment, marital discord, and deviant behavior: The long-term correlates of childhood misbehavior","author":"Laub","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0235","series-title":"Return on investment: Evidence-based options to improve statewide outcomes","author":"Lee","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12072","article-title":"What are the policy implications of our knowledge on serious, violent, and chronic offenders?","volume":"13","author":"Loeber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0250","series-title":"Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004107","article-title":"Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications","volume":"12","author":"Loeber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0255","series-title":"From juvenile delinquency to adult crime: Criminal careers, justice policy, and prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290056009","article-title":"The cycle of violence revisited 6 years later","volume":"150","author":"Maxfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674","article-title":"Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy","volume":"100","author":"Moffitt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0270","series-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation","first-page":"570","article-title":"Life-course persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior","author":"Moffitt","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01433.x","article-title":"Parental imprisonment: Effects on boys\u2019 antisocial behaviour and delinquency through the life-course","volume":"46","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0275","first-page":"133","article-title":"The effects of parental imprisonment on children","volume":"Vol. 37","author":"Murray","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00086","article-title":"Trajectories of boys\u2019 physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency","volume":"70","author":"Nagin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2011.566468","article-title":"Child maltreatment: The neurobiological aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"10","author":"Painter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0295","series-title":"Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A developmental analysis and model for intervention","first-page":"147","article-title":"A developmental model for early- and late-onset delinquency","author":"Patterson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.427","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and lifelong health","volume":"167","author":"Palusci","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-011-9678-y","article-title":"James Joyce, Alice in Wonderland, the Rolling Stones, and criminal careers","volume":"40","author":"Piquero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0315","first-page":"103","article-title":"The criminal career paradigm","volume":"Vol. 28","author":"Piquero","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027061","article-title":"Childhood risk, offending trajectories, and psychopathy at age 48 years in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development","volume":"18","author":"Piquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.02.008","article-title":"Violence in criminal careers: A review of the literature from a developmental life-course perspective","volume":"17","author":"Piquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0310","series-title":"Integrated developmental and life course theories of offending","first-page":"51","article-title":"Explaining the facts of crime: How the developmental taxonomy replies to Farrington's invitation","author":"Piquero","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.32","article-title":"Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: A longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Shalev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1995.tb01186.x","article-title":"The relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent involvement in delinquency","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-006-9071-7","article-title":"Risk assessment for juvenile justice: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Schwalbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153707","article-title":"Justice policy reform for high-risk juveniles: Using science to achieve large-scale crime reduction","volume":"10","author":"Skeem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.634","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic etiology of early-onset delinquency","volume":"109","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00007-1","article-title":"The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment","volume":"27","author":"Teicher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0350","series-title":"Sourcebook on serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders","article-title":"The prevention of serious delinquency and violence: Implications from the program of research on the causes and correlates of delinquency","author":"Thornberry","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513500380","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on child maltreatment","volume":"18","author":"Toth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0360","series-title":"Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences","first-page":"351","article-title":"Influence of violence and aggression on children's psychological development: Trauma, attachment, and memory","author":"Toth","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.1.3","article-title":"Does violence beget violence? A critical examination of the literature","volume":"106","author":"Widom","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0400","series-title":"Validity and reliability of the Florida Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) risk and needs assessment instrument: A three-phase evaluation (validation study, factor analysis, inter-rater reliability)","author":"Winokur-Early","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011_bib0370","series-title":"The delinquent girl","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213415000356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213415000356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T00:18:07Z","timestamp":1598746687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213415000356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0145213415000356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}