{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T18:54:48Z","timestamp":1781808888634,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]],"date-time":"2015-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T19:15:27Z","timestamp":1432149327000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relationship between child abuse exposure and reported contact with child protection organizations: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracie O.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet L.","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Taillieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-4961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristene","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lil","family":"Tonmyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Hovdestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.120253","article-title":"Population attributable fractions of psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation and attempts associated with adverse childhood experiences","volume":"98","author":"Afifi","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181567fdd","article-title":"Child abuse and health-related quality of life","volume":"195","author":"Afifi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E324","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131792","article-title":"Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada","volume":"186","author":"Afifi","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.11.008","article-title":"Childhood adversity and personality disorders: Results from a nationally representative population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Afifi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0025","series-title":"The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, 1985","article-title":"Child welfare","author":"Albert","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v11n04_02","article-title":"Single versus multi-type maltreatment: An examination of the long-term effects of child abuse","volume":"11","author":"Arata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.10.002","article-title":"The Canadian child welfare system response to exposure to domestic violence investigations","volume":"32","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00112-1","article-title":"Co-occurring forms of child maltreatment and adult adjustment reported by Latina college students","volume":"27","author":"Clemmons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506298248","article-title":"Unique and combined contributions of multiple child abuse types and abuse severity to adult trauma symptomatology","volume":"12","author":"Clemmons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0050","series-title":"Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: Mobility or immobility across generations: A review of the evidence of OECD countries","author":"d\u2019Addio, A.C.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","article-title":"The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770802610640","article-title":"Protection of children from physical maltreatment in Canada: An evaluation of the Supreme Court's definition of reasonable force","volume":"18","author":"Durrant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","article-title":"Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization","volume":"31","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.06.005","article-title":"Measuring poly-victimization using the juvenile victimization questionnaire","volume":"29","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.42","article-title":"Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth: An update","volume":"167","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.33-1-19","article-title":"Sexual abuse","volume":"33","author":"Fortin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics in Review\/American Academy of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9657","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.03.001","article-title":"The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth","volume":"34","author":"Hamby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400908","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and timing of disclosure in a representative sample of adults from Quebec","volume":"54","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00030-6","article-title":"Multiple forms of child abuse and neglect: Adult retrospective reports","volume":"6","author":"Higgins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO world mental health surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.06.003","article-title":"Reported contact with child protection services among those reporting child physical and sexual abuse: Results from a community survey","volume":"27","author":"MacMillan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497001107","article-title":"Multiple maltreatment experiences and adolescent behavior problems: Adolescents\u2019 perspectives","volume":"9","author":"McGee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00091-5","article-title":"Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse","volume":"22","author":"Paine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0130","series-title":"Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect 2008: Major findings","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.01.014","article-title":"Children's disclosures of sexual abuse: Learning from direct inquiry","volume":"35","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.09.012","article-title":"Prevalence and demographic correlates of childhood maltreatment in an adult community sample","volume":"28","author":"Scher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0145","series-title":"Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) \u2013 Mental Health questionnaire \u2013 November 30, 2011","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0150","series-title":"Portrait of families and living arrangements in Canada families, households and marital status, 2011 Census of Population","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0155","series-title":"Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) \u2013 Mental Health user guide","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0160","series-title":"Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) \u2013 data dictionary","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.993","article-title":"Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: Relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment","volume":"163","author":"Teicher","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.08.009","article-title":"Adolescent risk factors for child maltreatment","volume":"38","author":"Thornberry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404212","article-title":"A review of findings from the Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect (CIS)","volume":"103","author":"Tonmyr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508318393","article-title":"Differentiating between substantiated, suspected, and unsubstantiated maltreatment in Canada","volume":"14","author":"Trocm\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012","article-title":"Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.05.003","article-title":"Measurement of victimization in adolescence: Development and validation of the childhood experiences of violence questionnaire","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.001","article-title":"Child maltreatment and adult socioeconomic well-being","volume":"33","author":"Zielinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213415001581?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213415001581?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T11:42:08Z","timestamp":1599046928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213415001581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0145213415001581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship between child abuse exposure and reported contact with child protection organizations: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}