{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1780330770504,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T14:17:34Z","timestamp":1486736254000},"page":"236-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A longitudinal study of the role of children\u2019s altruism and forgiveness in the relation between parental aggressive discipline and anxiety of preschoolers in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sylvia Y.C.L.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy P.S.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0005","series-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0010","series-title":"Emotional longevity: What really determines how long you live","author":"Anderson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.08.001","article-title":"Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning: parental rearing and beliefs","volume":"26","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0020","series-title":"Child anxiety disorders: A guide to research and treatment","author":"Beidel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3","article-title":"The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: An updated literature review","volume":"52","author":"Bjelland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0030","series-title":"Personality, identity, and character: Explorations in moral psychology","first-page":"271","article-title":"The elusive altruist: The psychological study of the altruistic personality","author":"Carlo","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2006.02.003","article-title":"Early parenting and children\u2019s relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts","volume":"27","author":"Casas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2012.12.005","article-title":"Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.2.218","article-title":"Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture","volume":"55","author":"Collins","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.43.4.742","article-title":"Children\u2019s reactions to apologies","volume":"43","author":"Darby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personality Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0055","series-title":"Handbook of forgiveness","first-page":"127","article-title":"Emotional development and forgiveness in children: Emerging evidence","author":"Denham","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0060","series-title":"Dimensions of forgiveness: A research approach","first-page":"139","article-title":"Researching the process model of forgiveness within psychological interventions","author":"Enright","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0065","series-title":"Psychometric properties of the adult-recall form of the dimensions of discipline inventory","author":"Fauchier","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0070","article-title":"Discipline, anxiety and depression among university students in Taiwan","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paper presented at the STTI International Nursing Research Congress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.11.024","article-title":"The role of altruistic behavior in generalized anxiety disorder and major depression among adults in the United States","volume":"101","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1525\/eth.1999.27.2.180","article-title":"Becoming a moral child: The socialization of shame among young Chinese children","volume":"27","author":"Fung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ethos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00008","article-title":"DSM-IV symptoms in community and clinic preschool children","volume":"40","author":"Gadow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.539","article-title":"Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review","volume":"128","author":"Gershoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/59.5.S258","article-title":"Formal volunteering as a protective factor for older adults\u2019 psychological well-being","volume":"59","author":"Greenfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp074","article-title":"Felt obligation to help others as a protective factor against losses in psychological well-being following functional decline in middle and later life","volume":"64","author":"Greenfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00609","article-title":"Prosocial development in relation to children's and mothers\u2019 psychological problems","volume":"74","author":"Hay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00216-4","article-title":"International experiences with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-a review of validation data and clinical results","volume":"42","author":"Herrmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880902728572","article-title":"The impact of a forgiveness intervention with Hong Kong Chinese children hurt in interpersonal relationships","volume":"37","author":"Hui","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Guidance & Counselling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880412331303286","article-title":"Forgiveness in the context of developmental guidance: Implementation and evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Hui","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Guidance & Counselling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/0300443981400109","article-title":"Early childhood altruism: How parents see prosocial behavior in their young children","volume":"140","author":"Kakavoulis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0130","series-title":"Morality in context","first-page":"317","article-title":"Reasoning about moral obligations and interpersonal responsibilities in different cultural contexts","author":"Keller","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030612","article-title":"Does tiger parenting exist? Parenting profiles of Chinese Americans and adolescent developmental outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian American Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0140","series-title":"Research report on risk and protective factors for preschoolers\u2019 mental health and well-being in Hong Kong, China","author":"Kwok","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.06.006","article-title":"Child abuse and suicidal ideation among adolescents in China","volume":"37","author":"Kwok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.020","article-title":"The roles of emotional competence and social problem-solving in the relationship between physical abuse and adolescent suicidal ideation in China","volume":"44","author":"Kwok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731516629799","article-title":"Positive psychology intervention to alleviate child depression and increase life satisfaction: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Kwok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01676.x","article-title":"Childrearing discipline and violence in developing countries","volume":"83","author":"Lansford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.893518","article-title":"Corporal punishment, maternal warmth, and child adjustment: a longitudinal study in eight countries","volume":"43","author":"Lansford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0170","first-page":"89","article-title":"The special problem of cultural differences in effects of corporal punishment","volume":"73","author":"Lansford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Law and Contemporary Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480708328474","article-title":"Fathers\u2019 forgiveness as a moderator between perceived unfair treatment by a family of origin member and anger with own children","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Family Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2004.10.001","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between temperament and parenting and the prediction of adjustment problems in middle childhood","volume":"26","author":"Lengua","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0185","first-page":"29","article-title":"Evaluation of the Chinese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: A cross-cultural perspective","volume":"40","author":"Leung","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/h0088540","article-title":"Anger, catharsis, the reformulated frustration-aggression hypothesis, and health consequences","volume":"29","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9452-8","article-title":"The application of the preschool child behavior checklist and the caregiver-teacher report form to Mainland Chinese children: Syndrome structure, gender differences, country effects, and inter-informant agreement","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0191-0","article-title":"Forgiveness as a moderator of the association between victimization and suicidal ideation","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.2.224","article-title":"Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation","volume":"98","author":"Markus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2002.00040.x","article-title":"Physical discipline and behavior problems in African American, European American: and Hispanic children: Emotional support as a moderator","volume":"64","author":"McLoyd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.001","article-title":"Parental physical and psychological aggression: Psychological symptoms in young adults","volume":"33","author":"Miller-Perrin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.21.3.389","article-title":"Parental corporal punishment predicts behavior problems in early childhood","volume":"21","author":"Mulvaney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00102-6","article-title":"Correlations among two self-report questionnaires for measuring DSM-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in children: The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders and the pence Children\u2019s Anxiety Scale","volume":"28","author":"Muris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2012.07.003","article-title":"Parental psychological control dimensions: Connections with Russian preschoolers\u2019 physical and relational aggression","volume":"34","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S003181910003905X","article-title":"Wrongdoing and forgiveness","volume":"62","author":"North","year":"1987","journal-title":"Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-008-0033-0","article-title":"A comprehensive meta-analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program using hierarchical linear modeling: Effectiveness and moderating variables","volume":"11","author":"Nowak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1940-1639.1042","article-title":"Character strengths: Research and practice","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of College and Character"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00298","article-title":"Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence","volume":"72","author":"Pettit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/02568540909594679","article-title":"Do reinforcement and induction increase prosocial behavior? Results of a teacher-based intervention in preschools","volume":"23","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Childhood Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022199030002005","article-title":"Cultural influences on sharer and recipient behavior sharing in Chinese and Indian preschool children","volume":"30","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(81)90084-2","article-title":"The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale","volume":"2","author":"Rushton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0270","series-title":"The paradox of power in a People\u2019s Republic of China middle school","author":"Schoenhals","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00049-0","article-title":"Helping others helps oneself: Response shift effects in peer support","volume":"48","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000079378.39062.D4","article-title":"Altruistic social interest behaviors are associated with better mental health","volume":"65","author":"Schwartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0285","series-title":"Positive psychology: An introduction (vol. 55, 25 No. 1, p. 5)","author":"Seligman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0290","series-title":"Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification","author":"Seligman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2307\/352870","article-title":"Harsh corporal punishment versus quality of parental involvement as an explanation of adolescent maladjustment","volume":"56","author":"Simons","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009609606692","article-title":"A six-district study of educational change: Direct and mediated effects of the Child Development Project","volume":"4","author":"Solomon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Psychology of Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0305","series-title":"Manual for the dimensions of discipline inventory (DDI)","author":"Straus","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2003.00795.x","article-title":"Psychological aggression by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, and severity","volume":"65","author":"Straus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021891529770","article-title":"Corporal punishment by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Straus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0320","series-title":"Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families","author":"Straus","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1995.1045","article-title":"Measuring interpersonal forgiveness in late adolescence and middle adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Subkoviak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-013-9513-1","article-title":"Aggressive parental discipline experienced in childhood and internalizing problems in early adulthood","volume":"28","author":"Taillieu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9104-9","article-title":"Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and Triple P\u2014Positive Parenting Program: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x","article-title":"Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations","volume":"73","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.859","article-title":"Sensitive questions in surveys","volume":"133","author":"Tourangeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0350","series-title":"Individualism & collectivism","author":"Triandis","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czl029","article-title":"Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis","volume":"21","author":"Vyas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.02.016","article-title":"Parental harsh discipline in mainland China: Prevalence, frequency and coexistence","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.018","article-title":"Paternal and maternal psychological and physical aggression and children\u2019s anxiety in China","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01447666","article-title":"Behavioral and emotional problems among Chinese and American children: Parent and teacher reports for ages 6\u201313","volume":"23","author":"Weine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2307\/1131439","article-title":"Parent reports of behavioral and emotional problems among children in Kenya, Thailand, and the United States","volume":"64","author":"Weisz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.02.010","article-title":"To unfold a hidden epidemic: Prevalence of child maltreatment and its health implications among high school students in Guangzhou, China","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1999.18.4.385","article-title":"The psychology of unforgiveness and forgiveness and implications for clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Worthington","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250143000436","article-title":"Similarities and differences in mothers\u2019 parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213417300443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213417300443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T11:26:48Z","timestamp":1536060408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213417300443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0145213417300443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A longitudinal study of the role of children\u2019s altruism and forgiveness in the relation between parental aggressive discipline and anxiety of preschoolers in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}