{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:47:32Z","timestamp":1791636452285,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T03:49:41Z","timestamp":1511408981000},"page":"18-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences among children investigated for child maltreatment: A latent class analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shauna","family":"Rienks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie S.","family":"McCrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Watamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294359","article-title":"Factor analysis and AIC","volume":"52","author":"Akaike","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5559\/di.23.1.01","article-title":"The consequences of divorce for adults and children: An update","volume":"23","author":"Amato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drustvena Istrazivanja"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.734205","article-title":"A latent class analysis of childhood maltreatment: Identifying abuse typologies","volume":"19","author":"Armour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0020","series-title":"Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Family Relations","article-title":"Parental divorce effects on adult social relationships: Neurobiological linkages","author":"Boccia","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00296","article-title":"Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to peer rejection","volume":"72","author":"Bolger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00087-8","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.021","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0040","unstructured":"Child Development Institute (n.d.). Child development ages & stages. Retrieved from: https:\/\/childdevelopmentinfo.com\/ages-stages\/#.WCtKjsn0aVF."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0045","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Bureau (2017). Child maltreatment 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/cb\/research-data-technology\/statistics-research\/child-maltreatment."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21460","article-title":"Prevalence and relationship between adverse childhood experiences and child behavior among young children","volume":"35","author":"Clarkson-Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00105-4","article-title":"The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood","volume":"27","author":"Dong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0060","series-title":"National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), combined waves 1\u20133, restricted release version, data file user\u2019s manual","author":"Dowd","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00123-3","article-title":"The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: Evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1990","volume":"37","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.01.010","article-title":"Why should child welfare pay more attention to emotional maltreatment?","volume":"50","author":"English","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0080","article-title":"Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Cautions and suggestions","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.12.1232","article-title":"Effect of early childhood adversity on child health","volume":"160","author":"Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.08.002","article-title":"How to deal with emotional abuse and neglect\u2014Further development of a conceptual framework (FRAMEA)","volume":"35","author":"Glaser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612458803","article-title":"What sleeping babies hear: An fMRI study of interparental conflict and infants\u2019 emotion processing","volume":"24","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00030-6","article-title":"Multiple forms of child abuse and neglect: Adult retrospective reports","volume":"6","author":"Higgins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.10.008","article-title":"Violence among family members of children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse","volume":"27","author":"Kellogg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.05.005","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and mental health, chronic medical conditions, and development in young children","volume":"15","author":"Kerker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0115","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and child health outcomes: Comparing cumulative risk and latent class approaches","author":"Lanier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01047.x","article-title":"Witnessed violence and youth behavior problems: A multi-informant study","volume":"80","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021405515323","article-title":"Exposure to family violence in young at-risk children: A longitudinal look at the effects of victimization and witnessed physical and psychological aggression","volume":"18","author":"Litrownik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","article-title":"Testing the number of components in a normal mixture","volume":"88","author":"Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.76.4.468","article-title":"Profile of children investigated for sexual abuse: Association with psychopathology symptoms and services","volume":"76","author":"McCrae","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00244-7","article-title":"The predictive impact of domestic violence on three types of child maltreatment","volume":"25","author":"McGuigan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0145","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (1998\u20132010). Mplus User\u2019s Guide. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.10.007","article-title":"Youth self-report of physical and sexual abuse: A latent class analysis","volume":"34","author":"Nooner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(00)80035-0","article-title":"Co-occurrence of partner and parent aggression: Research and treatment implications","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.12.009","article-title":"Psychological and cognitive functioning of children with specific profiles of maltreatment","volume":"32","author":"Pears","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.5.679","article-title":"Recognizing emotion in faces: Developmental effects of child abuse and neglect","volume":"36","author":"Pollak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.01.003","article-title":"Latent class\/profile analysis in maltreatment research: A commentary on Nooner, et al., Pears et al., and looking beyond","volume":"34","author":"Roesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294360","article-title":"Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis","volume":"52","author":"Sclove","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/19361521.2013.811459","article-title":"The interrelation of adverse childhood experiences within an at-risk prediatric sample","volume":"6","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559599004002002","article-title":"Co-occurrence of spousal violence and child abuse: Conceptual implications","volume":"4","author":"Shipman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754","article-title":"Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"301","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0200","series-title":"Adverse childhood experiences in NSCAW. OPRE report #2013-26","author":"Stambaugh","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.07.002","article-title":"The relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment: Findings from the Ontario Health Supplement","volume":"27","author":"Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213417304258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213417304258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:08:34Z","timestamp":1758935314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213417304258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0145213417304258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences among children investigated for child maltreatment: A latent class analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}