{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:54:40Z","timestamp":1788112480961,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01SR 1209B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01SR 1209B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T07:14:04Z","timestamp":1538378044000},"page":"109-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of a school-based intervention to prevent child sexual abuse\u2014Evaluation of the German IGEL program"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4662-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Finne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Alfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kolip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0005","series-title":"Cognition and social behavior","first-page":"33","article-title":"Script processing in attitude formation and decision making","author":"Abelson","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579498001576","article-title":"Resolving conflict creatively: Evaluating the developmental effects of a school-based violence prevention program in neighborhood and classroom context","volume":"10","author":"Aber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11553-016-0577-7","article-title":"Pr\u00e4vention sexualisierter Gewalt: Zur Implementierung des IGEL-Programms in Grundschulen [Prevention of sexual violence. The implementation of the IGEL program in primary schools]","volume":"12","author":"Alfes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pr\u00e4vention und Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0020","series-title":"The sourcebook of nonverbal measures: Going beyond words","first-page":"57","article-title":"The touch avoidance measure","author":"Andersen","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0025","author":"Andresen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731512468796","article-title":"Increasing knowledge of sexual abuse. A study with elementary school children in Hawai\u2018i","volume":"23","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1","article-title":"The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Barth","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0045","first-page":"545","article-title":"The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Birmaher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0050","author":"Bowi","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0055","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-22","article-title":"Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies","volume":"7","author":"Collin-V\u00e9zina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424jccp2902_11","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention programs: A meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(02)00005-8","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Spence Children\u2018s Anxiety Scale and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders in German children","volume":"33","author":"Essau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0075","author":"Fegert","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.283","article-title":"Trends in childhood violence and abuse exposure: Evidence from 2 national surveys","volume":"164","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00179-4","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention programs: Do they decrease the occurrence of child sexual abuse?","volume":"24","author":"Gibson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90097-W","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention: Evaluation and one-year follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Hazzard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0095","series-title":"Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications","author":"Hox","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0100","series-title":"Manual for teachers: The IGEL program]","article-title":"Pr\u00e4vention von sexualisierter Gewalt in der Primarstufe: Manual f\u00fcr Lehrerinnen und Lehrer: das IGEL Programm [Prevention of sexual violence at the primary level","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.1009","article-title":"A group-randomized evaluation of a theatre-based sexual abuse prevention programme for primary school children in Germany","volume":"19","author":"Krah\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.03.004","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of child sexual abuse, its risk factors, and their associations as a function of age cohort in a Finnish population sample","volume":"35","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0115","series-title":"emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means: R package version 1.1.2","author":"Lenth","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940210165028","article-title":"Multilevel modelling and public health policy","volume":"31","author":"Leyland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0125","series-title":"Convention on the rights of the child","author":"United Nations","year":"1989"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00070-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of project TRUST: An elementary school-based victimization prevention strategy","volume":"20","author":"Oldfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0135","first-page":"33","article-title":"Development of a multifactor scale measuring the psychological dimensions of touch avoidance","volume":"3","author":"Ozolins","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology A Biopsychosocial Approach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0140","series-title":"Representative studies on victimisation: Research findings from Germany","first-page":"109","article-title":"Sexual abuse of children and adolescents: Prevalence and trends","author":"Posch","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00058-6","article-title":"Prevention of child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analysis of school programs","volume":"21","author":"Rispens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0150","unstructured":"Runder Tisch (Round Table). (2011). Abschlussbericht: Sexueller Kindesmissbrauch in Abh\u00e4ngigkeits- und Machtverh\u00e4ltnissen in privaten und \u00f6ffentlichen Einrichtungen und im famili\u00e4ren Bereich [Final report. Child sexual abuse in dependency and power relationships in private and public institutions and at home]. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bmjv.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Fachinformationen\/Abschlussbericht_RTKM.pdf?__blob=publicationFile."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0155","series-title":"Repr\u00e4sentativbefragung Sexueller Missbrauch 2011 [Representative study on sexual abuse]. Forschungsbericht Nr. 118 [Research report]","author":"Stadler","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(96)00179-2","article-title":"Positive and negative effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program","volume":"21","author":"Taal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0165","series-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325582","article-title":"School-based child sexual abuse prevention programs: A review of effectiveness","volume":"79","author":"Topping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/19.2.112","article-title":"The revised Children\u2019s Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire: Development of a measure of children\u2019s understanding of sexual abuse prevention concepts","volume":"19","author":"Tutty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social Work Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00048-3","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention programs: Evaluating \"Who Do You Tell\"","volume":"21","author":"Tutty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0185","series-title":"Children\u2018s Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire - Revision III. Received via E-Mail by L.M. Tutty","author":"Tutty","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.07.009","article-title":"Evaluation of the results of a randomized controlled trial: How to define changes between baseline and follow-up","volume":"57","author":"Twisk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0195","series-title":"Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004380.pub3","article-title":"School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0205","first-page":"507","article-title":"Sexueller Missbrauch an Jungen und M\u00e4dchen: Zur Evaluation eines Pr\u00e4ventionsprogramms [Sexual abuse of boys and girls. The evaluation of a prevention program]","volume":"19","author":"Willutzki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710802584650","article-title":"Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Wurtele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v07n01_03","article-title":"An examination of the reliability of the \u201cwhat if\u201d Situations Test: A brief report","volume":"7","author":"Wurtele","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418303533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418303533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:08:06Z","timestamp":1758935286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213418303533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0145213418303533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of a school-based intervention to prevent child sexual abuse\u2014Evaluation of the German IGEL program","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}