{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:21:02Z","timestamp":1792725662234,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T15:12:55Z","timestamp":1547219575000},"page":"225-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cThey were the ones that saw me and listened.\u201d From child sexual abuse to disclosure: Adults\u2019 recalls of the process towards final disclosure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Maria Larsen","family":"Brattfjell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Margrete","family":"Fl\u00e5m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.016","article-title":"Many ways of telling: Expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure","volume":"28","author":"Alaggia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1606\/1044-3894.2457","article-title":"Speaking the unspeakable: Exploring the impact of family dynamics on child sexual abuse disclosures","volume":"86","author":"Alaggia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Families in Society"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0015","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosures: A research update (2000\u20132016)","volume":"3","author":"Alaggia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0020","series-title":"UpToDate","article-title":"Evaluation of sexual abuse in children and adolescents","author":"Bechtel","year":"2016"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0583","article-title":"Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0030","series-title":"Tipping the balance to tell the secret. The public discovery of child sexual abuse","author":"Child Witness Project","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732308319925","article-title":"Storying childhood sexual abuse","volume":"18","author":"Draucker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.01.015","article-title":"Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim","volume":"28","author":"Dube","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.08.020","article-title":"Masculine norms, disclosure, and childhood adversities predict long-term mental distress among men with histories of child sexual abuse","volume":"38","author":"Easton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.09.011","article-title":"Mental health indicators fifty years later: A population-based study of men with histories of child sexual abuse","volume":"63","author":"Easton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0055","article-title":"Child sexual abuse and depressive symptoms in late life for men: A population-based, longitudinal analysis","author":"Easton","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034223","article-title":"Would you tell under circumstances like that?\" Barriers to disclosure for men who were sexually abused during childhood","volume":"15","author":"Easton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychology of Men and Masculinity"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90026-4","article-title":"The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse","volume":"5","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0070","series-title":"\u201cI need your eyes to see myself\u201d. On the inclusion of dialogues and an otherness of the other into psychology and clinical work. Explored through studies of contexts where children live with violence in close relationships","author":"Fl\u00e5m","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.06.007","article-title":"Test balloons? Small signs of big events: A qualitative study on circumstances facilitating adults\u2019 awareness of children\u2019s first signs of sexual abuse","volume":"37","author":"Fl\u00e5m","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00037-1","article-title":"Why children tell: A model of children\u2019s disclosure of sexual abuse","volume":"27","author":"Goodman-Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1332704","article-title":"A very steep climb\": Therapists\u2019 perspectives on barriers to disclosure of childhood sexual abuse experiences for men","volume":"26","author":"Gruenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","article-title":"Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence","volume":"45","author":"Hardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.09.004","article-title":"Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents","volume":"31","author":"Hershkowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1092005","article-title":"Perceptions of the role of mothers in the disclosure and nondisclosure of child sexual abuse: A qualitative study","volume":"24","author":"Hunter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.07.004","article-title":"Reporting possible sexual abuse: A qualitative study on children\u2019s perspectives and the context for disclosure","volume":"29","author":"Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289503400603","article-title":"Unwanted sexual experiences in adolescents: Patterns of disclosure","volume":"24","author":"Kellogg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"62","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.62.3.382","article-title":"Sexual abuse, another hidden pediatric problem: The 1977 C. Anderson Aldrich Lecture","volume":"3","author":"Kempe","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0120","series-title":"Den vanskelige samtalen. Barneperspektiv p\u00e5 barnevernsarbeid. Kunnskapsbasert praksis og behandlingskompetanse. [The difficult conversation. A child perspective on child protection work. Knowledge based practice and treatment competency]","author":"Langballe","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.10.011","article-title":"Children\u2019s disclosures of sexual abuse in a population-based sample","volume":"76","author":"Lahtinena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.05.009","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Lemaigre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.02.010","article-title":"Willingness to disclose child maltreatment: CSA vs other forms of child abuse in relation to gender","volume":"79","author":"Lev-Wiesel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does research tell us about the ways that children tell?","volume":"11","author":"London","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2280","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: delays, non-disclosure and partial disclosure. What research tells us and implications for practice","volume":"24","author":"McElvaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2390","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of children\u2019s assessment reports: What helps children tell?","volume":"26","author":"McElvaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511424503","article-title":"Containing the secrets of child sexual abuse","volume":"27","author":"McElvaney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513506281","article-title":"To tell or not to tell? Factor influencing young people\u2019s informal disclosure of child sexual abuse","volume":"29","author":"McElvaney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555371","article-title":"Please tell! Barriers to disclosing sexual victimization and subsequent social support perceived by children and adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Munzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710801916416","article-title":"Gender differences in silencing following childhood sexual abuse","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/10538711003781251","article-title":"The effect of severe child sexual abuse and disclosure on mental health during adulthood","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00091-5","article-title":"Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse","volume":"22","author":"Paine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/088626094009003003","article-title":"Telling the secret: Adult women describe their disclosures of incest","volume":"9","author":"Roesler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.01.014","article-title":"Children\u2019s disclosures of sexual abuse: Learning from direct inquiry","volume":"35","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00130-1","article-title":"Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0200","first-page":"39","article-title":"Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0205","series-title":"Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods","first-page":"53","article-title":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.71.3.332","article-title":"Variables in delayed disclosure of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"71","author":"Somer","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.55.3.333","article-title":"\u00ab I keep the hush-hush\u00bb: Male survivors of sexual abuse and the challenge of disclosure","volume":"55","author":"Sorsoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Counselling Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.06.007","article-title":"A burden in your heart: Lessons of disclosure from female preadolescent and adolescent survivors of sexual abuse","volume":"29","author":"Staller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0225","first-page":"888","article-title":"Langvarig taushet om seksuelle overgrep. Prediktorer og korrelater hos voksne som opplevde seksuelle overgrep som barn [Longtime silence about sexual abuse. Predictors and correlations among adults who experienced sexual abuse as a child]","volume":"53","author":"Steine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920","article-title":"A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis and prevalence around the world","volume":"16","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.10.009","article-title":"Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient","volume":"62","author":"Swingle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014537906","article-title":"Adult disclosure of child sexual abuse: A literature review","volume":"16","author":"Tener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0245","series-title":"Rapportering fra sentrene mot incest og seksuelle overgrep 2015 [Reporting from the centers against incest and sexual abuse 2015]","author":"The Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affairs","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0250","series-title":"Vold og voldtekt i Norge: En nasjonal forekomststudie av vold i et livsl\u00f8psperspektiv [Violence and rape in Norway: A national prevalence study of violence throughout a life course]. Rapport nr. 1\/2014","author":"Thoresen","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/15299730903502904","article-title":"Benefits and barriers to disclosing sexual trauma: A Contextual Approach","volume":"11","author":"Ullman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325009337842","article-title":"Patterns of abuse disclosure among youth","volume":"8","author":"Ungar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qualitative Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.05.002","article-title":"What Canadian youths tell us about disclosing abuse","volume":"33","author":"Ungar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20050501-06","article-title":"Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories","volume":"35","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1108\/SC-03-2015-0009","article-title":"Understanding children\u2019s non-disclosure of child sexual assault: Implications for assisting parents and teachers to become effective guardians","volume":"14","author":"Wager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Safer Communities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.11.005","article-title":"Resilience in the context of child maltreatment: Connections to the practice of mandatory reporting","volume":"37","author":"Wekerle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418304435?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418304435?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T03:40:42Z","timestamp":1662781242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213418304435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0145213418304435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cThey were the ones that saw me and listened.\u201d From child sexual abuse to disclosure: Adults\u2019 recalls of the process towards final disclosure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}