{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:01:23Z","timestamp":1793152883204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doris Duke Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CE002327-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CE002327-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Services and Resource Administration Maternal & Child Health Epidemiology Doctoral Training Program","award":["T03MC07649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T03MC07649"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T19:12:51Z","timestamp":1544469171000},"page":"246-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment, parenting support, and risk for child physical abuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2370-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia M.","family":"Fleckman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Theall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Andrinopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.014","article-title":"Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience","author":"Afifi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2947","article-title":"Physical punishment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative US sample","volume":"130","author":"Afifi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0015","series-title":"Attitudes, personality and behavior","author":"Ajzen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1348\/000712609X431728","article-title":"Test of a brief theory of planned behaviour-based intervention to promote adolescent safe sex intentions","volume":"101","author":"Armitage","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-005-5054-4","article-title":"Pathways between social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience: What we know","volume":"14","author":"Armstrong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2307\/1129836","article-title":"The determinants of parenting: A process model","volume":"55","author":"Belsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.3.413","article-title":"Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental ecological analysis","volume":"114","author":"Belsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01341.x","article-title":"Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low-income white, african american, and mexican american toddlers","volume":"80","author":"Berlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080419","article-title":"Maternal social support patterns and child maltreatment: Comparison of maltreating and nonmaltreating mothers","volume":"69","author":"Bishop","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00008-9","article-title":"The hormonal costs of subtle forms of infant maltreatment","volume":"43","author":"Bugental","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hormonal Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0100-9","article-title":"Family support in prevention programs for children at risk for emotional\/behavioral problems","volume":"14","author":"Cavaleri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.06.003","article-title":"A brief intervention affects parents\u2019 attitudes toward using less physical punishment","volume":"37","author":"Chavis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0070","series-title":"Attitudes towards spanking: Indicators of child and youth well-being","author":"Child Trends Databank","year":"2015"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2008.00504.x","article-title":"Child depressive symptoms, spanking, and emotional support: Differences between african american and european american youth","volume":"57","author":"Christie-Mizell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0080","article-title":"A focus of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of norms in human behavior","volume":"Vol. 24","author":"Cialdini","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0085","article-title":"Social influence: Social norms, conformity and compliance","volume":"Vols. 1 and 2","author":"Cialdini","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.4.498","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior as a model of heavy episodic drinking among college students","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320500422857","article-title":"Effects of different measurement scales on the variability and predictive validity of the \u201ctwo-component\u201d model of the theory of planned behavior in the exercise domain","volume":"21","author":"Courneya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2307\/353443","article-title":"Predicting spanking of younger and older children by mothers and fathers","volume":"60","author":"Day","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00213-1","article-title":"Disciplining children: Characteristics associated with the use of corporal punishment","volume":"24","author":"Dietz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0110","series-title":"Corporal punishment of children in theoretical perspective","author":"Donnelly","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/74.3.1003","article-title":"Conservative protestantism and the parental use of corporal punishment","volume":"74","author":"Ellison","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00287.x","article-title":"Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions","volume":"13","author":"Fishbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0125","series-title":"Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3 status and social conditions of parenting","first-page":"419","article-title":"Parenting and public policy","author":"Garbarino","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2307\/1129606","article-title":"High-risk neighborhoods and high-risk families: The human ecology of child maltreatment","volume":"51","author":"Garbarino","year":"1980","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000191","article-title":"Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses","volume":"30","author":"Gershoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2307\/584804","article-title":"Child, maternal, and family characteristics associated with spanking","volume":"44","author":"Giles-Sims","year":"1995","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9127-y","article-title":"How do relationships support parenting: Effects of attachment style and social support of parenting behavior in an at-risk population","volume":"40","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2007.00441.x","article-title":"The predictors of parental use of corporal punishment","volume":"56","author":"Grogan-Kaylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8287.2011.02043.x","article-title":"Predicting alcohol consumption and binge drinking in company employees: An application of planned behaviour and self-determination theories","volume":"17","author":"Hagger","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.03.001","article-title":"The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth","volume":"34","author":"Hamby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.49.1.81","article-title":"Abusive and nonabusive parental treatment from the child\u2019s perspective","volume":"49","author":"Herzberger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0170","article-title":"Attitude toward spanking (ATS)","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Holden","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922817693298","article-title":"How to convince parents to stop spanking their children","volume":"57","author":"Hudnut-Beumler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2016.1157121","article-title":"Meta-Analysis on the Roles of Fathers in Parenting: Are They Unique?","volume":"52","author":"Jeynes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Marriage & Family Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672002610009","article-title":"A focus theory of normative conduct: When norms do and do not affect behavior","volume":"26","author":"Kallgren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2005.09.002","article-title":"Maternal depressive symptoms are adversely associated with prevention practices and parenting behaviors for preschool children","volume":"6","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ambulatory Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507305995","article-title":"Primary prevention of child physical abuse and neglect: Gaps and promising directions","volume":"12","author":"Klevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.893518","article-title":"Corporal punishment, maternal warmth, and child adjustment: A longitudinal study in eight countries","volume":"43","author":"Lansford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.018","article-title":"Parental spanking of 1-year-old children and subsequent child protective services involvement","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.05.016","article-title":"Parental spanking and subsequent risk for child aggression in father-involved families of young children","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.309","article-title":"The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes","volume":"126","author":"Leventhal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01216","article-title":"Children and youth in neighborhood contexts","volume":"12","author":"Leventhal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.758","article-title":"Corporal punishment and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes through 5 years-of-age; evidence from a contemporary urban birth cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infant and Child Development"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199811)54:7<885::AID-JCLP3>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Comparison of the brief psychiatric rating scale and the brief symptom inventory","volume":"54","author":"Morlan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00103-F","article-title":"The intergenerational transmission of corporal punishment: A comparison of social learning and temperament models","volume":"19","author":"Muller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"Supplement 5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S5.1952","article-title":"Parents\u2019 discipline of young children: Results from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health","volume":"113","author":"Regalado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-011-9462-3","article-title":"Parenting beliefs, parental stress, and social support relationships","volume":"21","author":"Respler-Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.051","article-title":"Predicting physical activity intention and behaviour among children in a longitudinal sample","volume":"62","author":"Rhodes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0b013e3181d592ef","article-title":"A brief intervention may affect parents\u2019 attitudes toward using less physical punishment","volume":"33","author":"Scholer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Family & Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(87)90032-9","article-title":"Social support and child maltreatment: A review of the evidence","volume":"11","author":"Seagull","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0265","first-page":"508","article-title":"HITS: A short domestic violence screening tool for use in a family practice setting","volume":"30","author":"Sherin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Family Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1321","article-title":"Spanking in early childhood and later behavior problems: A prospective study of infants and young toddlers","volume":"113","author":"Slade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021891529770","article-title":"Corporal punishment by american parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Straus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-013-9513-1","article-title":"Aggressive parental discipline experienced in childhood and internalizing problems in early adulthood","volume":"28","author":"Taillieu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.126722","article-title":"Intimate partner violence, maternal stress, nativity, and risk for maternal maltreatment of young children","volume":"99","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9548-7","article-title":"Perceived social norms, expectations, and attitudes toward corporal punishment among an urban community sample of parents","volume":"88","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1057","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2678","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children\u2019s aggressive behavior","volume":"125","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/lat0000038","article-title":"Parenting Practices and Perceived Social Support: Longitudinal Relations with the Social Competence of Mexican-origin Children","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Latina\/o Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0305","series-title":"Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy","article-title":"Social support and the prevention of child maltreatment","author":"Thompson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0310","series-title":"Preventing child maltreatment through social support: A critical analysis","author":"Thompson","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.06.011","article-title":"Social support and child protection: Lessons learned","volume":"41","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/0964906032000086241","article-title":"Physical punishment and the response of the Canadian child welfare system: Implications for legislative reform","volume":"25","author":"Trocm\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0325","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau, (2018), Families & Living Arrangements. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.census.gov\/topics\/families.html ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006002004","article-title":"Ethnicity, income, and parenting contexts of physical punishment in a national sample of families with young children","volume":"6","author":"Wissow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015006004","article-title":"Cultural, human, and social capital as determinants of corporal punishment toward an integrated theoretical model","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Persality Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.06.031","article-title":"Speak softly - and forget the stick: Corporal punishment and child physical abuse","volume":"35","author":"Zolotor","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418304447?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213418304447?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T23:36:29Z","timestamp":1662593789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213418304447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0145213418304447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment, parenting support, and risk for child physical abuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}