{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:00:38Z","timestamp":1793642438519,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T17:09:41Z","timestamp":1563815381000},"page":"104094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Childhood adversity and psychosis in detained inpatients from medium to high secured units: Results from the Scottish census survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Pitcairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014007507349","article-title":"Domestic violence and intergenerational rates of child sexual abuse: A case record analysis","volume":"19","author":"Avery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.10.011","article-title":"Growing up with adversity: From juvenile justice involvement to criminal persistence and psychosocial problems in young adulthood","volume":"62","author":"Basto-Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000033","article-title":"Testing a model of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and psychosis in a first-episode psychosis group: The role of hallucinations and delusions, posttraumatic intrusions, and selective attention","volume":"201","author":"Bendall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn103","article-title":"Social predictors of psychotic experiences: Specificity and psychological mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"Bentall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs049","article-title":"Do specific early life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey","volume":"38","author":"Bentall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","article-title":"Release from prison\u2014A high risk of death for former inmates","volume":"356","author":"Binswanger","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7071","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7071.1521","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorder in remand prisoners: Consecutive case study","volume":"313","author":"Birmingham","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.41","article-title":"Mortality among mentally disordered offenders: A community based follow-up study","volume":"15","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0264-9","article-title":"Association between childhood adversity and a diagnosis of personality disorder in young adulthood: A cohort study of 107,287 individuals in Stockholm County","volume":"32","author":"Bj\u00f6rkenstam","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3788","article-title":"Association of cumulative childhood adversity and adolescent violent offending with suicide in early adulthood","volume":"75","author":"Bj\u00f6rkenstam","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0055","article-title":"Can we use an interventionist casual paradigm to untangle the relationship between trauma, PTSD and psychosis?","volume":"306","author":"Brand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09081247","article-title":"Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"167","author":"Cloitre","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2016.1269010","article-title":"Impaired verbal learning in forensic inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder","volume":"25","author":"Corbett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Neuropsychology: Adult"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2016.1141439","article-title":"Gender matters: An introduction to the special issue on women and girls","volume":"15","author":"de Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.073","article-title":"The association of adverse childhood experiences and appetitive aggression with suicide attempts and violent crimes in male forensic psychiatry inpatients","volume":"240","author":"Dudeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370","article-title":"Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"200","author":"Fazel","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0184-4","article-title":"Prison suicide in 12 countries: An ecological study of 861 suicides during 2003\u20132007","volume":"46","author":"Fazel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171000111X","article-title":"Sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in England: Results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey","volume":"41","author":"Jonas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0100","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Peaks Unit: From a pilot for \u2018untreatable psychopaths to trauma informed milieu therapy","volume":"218","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prison Service Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2043","article-title":"Multiple traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder and offending behaviour in female prisoners","volume":"28","author":"Karatzias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.643972","article-title":"The substance use among forensic psychiatric patients","volume":"38","author":"Kivimies","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037799","article-title":"Cumulative trauma exposure and high risk behavior in adolescence: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set","volume":"6","author":"Layne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2012.723664","article-title":"Violent female offending: An exploration of repeat and one-time offending","volume":"11","author":"Mahoney","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0156-9","article-title":"Developmentally adapted cognitive processing therapy for adolescents suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual or physical abuse: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Matulis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17246","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17246","article-title":"Creating trauma-informed correctional care: A balance of goals and environment","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0135","series-title":"Sex differences in antisocial behaviour: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study","author":"Moffitt","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12065","article-title":"Gender and transmission of risk: A prospective study of adolescent girls exposed to maternal versus paternal interparental violence","volume":"24","author":"Moretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2014.908949","article-title":"Mortality among forensic psychiatric patients in Finland","volume":"69","author":"Ojansuu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/140349487400200101","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in men found to be mentally abnormal by forensic psychiatrists","volume":"2","author":"Reiter","year":"1974","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002073","article-title":"Identification and management of prisoners with severe psychiatric illness by specialist mental health services","volume":"43","author":"Senior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.1.166","article-title":"Trauma and psychosis: an analysis of the national co-morbidity survey","volume":"164","author":"Shevlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0165","series-title":"Survey of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners in England and Wales","author":"Singleton","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940500497743","article-title":"Complex posttraumatic stress disorder and child maltreatment in forensic inpatients","volume":"17","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"issue":"9690","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60742-X","article-title":"11 year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study (FIN11 study)","volume":"374","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","article-title":"Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302716?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302716?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:10:16Z","timestamp":1758935416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419302716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0145213419302716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Childhood adversity and psychosis in detained inpatients from medium to high secured units: Results from the Scottish census survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104094","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104094"}}