{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:11:06Z","timestamp":1776132666920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Florida Department of Children and Families"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T16:35:10Z","timestamp":1566837310000},"page":"104095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring relationships as mediators of treatment outcomes among commercially sexually exploited youth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Landers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary I.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nor\u00edn","family":"Dollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.10.154","article-title":"Understanding child survivors of human trafficking: A micro and macro level analysis","volume":"30","author":"Abu-Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0121-y","article-title":"Resources, exposure to trauma, and the behavioral health of youth receiving public system services","volume":"24","author":"Accomazzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.8.1001","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and later risk of alcoholism and depression","volume":"53","author":"Anda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023935726541","article-title":"Reliability of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Mental Health (CANS-MH) Scale","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0025","article-title":"The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders","volume":"3","author":"Baglivio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Juvenile Justice"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0035","series-title":"Research to action: Sexually exploited minors (SEM) needs and strengths","author":"Basson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0040","series-title":"Adolescent health: Understanding and preventing risk behaviors","first-page":"375","article-title":"Connectedness in the lives of adolescents","author":"Bernat","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.2307\/1131649","article-title":"Friends\u2019 influence on adolescents\u2019 adjustment to school","volume":"66","author":"Berndt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1207\/SJRA1002_3","article-title":"Deviant friends and early adolescents\u2019 emotional and behavioral adjustment","volume":"10","author":"Brendgen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.021","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000072","article-title":"Risk factors for domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States: A literature review","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21460","article-title":"Prevalence and relationship between adverse childhood experiences and child behavior among young children","volume":"35","author":"Clarkson-Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555133","article-title":"The trauma of commercial sexual exploitation of youth a comparison of CSE victims to sexual abuse victims in a clinical sample","volume":"31","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-014-0336-6","article-title":"Domestic minor sex trafficking: Assessing and reducing risk","volume":"31","author":"Countryman-Roswurm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0090","first-page":"1474","article-title":"A follow-up study of a multi-site, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms","volume":"45","author":"Deblinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20744","article-title":"Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: Impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length","volume":"28","author":"Deblinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","article-title":"The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-011-9542-4","article-title":"Prior trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care","volume":"21","author":"Dorsey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.24.3089","article-title":"Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"286","author":"Dube","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00204-0","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult","volume":"27","author":"Dube","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","article-title":"Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"111","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Experiencing multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health: Results from the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"160","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070083","article-title":"Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort","volume":"19","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282829","article-title":"Prolonged exposure vs supportive counseling for sexual abuse\u2013related PTSD in adolescent girls: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Foa","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00696.x","article-title":"Race\/ethnic differences in effects of family instability on adolescents\u2019 risk behavior","volume":"72","author":"Fomby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.07.014","article-title":"Prolonged exposure versus dynamic therapy for adolescent PTSD: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0155","series-title":"New York prevalence study of commercially sexually exploited children","author":"Gragg","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0160","series-title":"Exploring resilience: Strengths of trafficking survivors in Cambodia","author":"Gray","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1406","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth","volume":"89","author":"Greene","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005147708827","article-title":"Social support from parents and friends and emotional problems in adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Helsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2307\/2673783","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Hillis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/1874924001003010080","article-title":"Shelter from the storm: Trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings","volume":"3","author":"Hopper","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Open Health Services and Policy Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.173229","article-title":"The relationship of trauma to mental disorders among trafficked and sexually exploited girls and women","volume":"100","author":"Hossain","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.05.005","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and mental health, chronic medical conditions, and development in young children","volume":"15","author":"Kerker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/19361520903120467","article-title":"Assessment of complex trauma exposure, responses, and service needs among children and adolescents in child welfare","volume":"2","author":"Kisiel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1323814","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of dependent youth who have been commercially sexually exploited: Findings from a specialized treatment program","volume":"26","author":"Landers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0205","series-title":"Communimetrics","first-page":"93","article-title":"The child and adolescent needs and strengths","author":"Lyons","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215603064","article-title":"Youth arrested for trading sex have highest rates of childhood adversity: A statewide study of juvenile offenders","volume":"29","author":"Naramore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2307\/2991667","article-title":"Adolescents with close family relationships have reduced chances of engaging in risky behaviors","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspectives"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553","article-title":"SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models","volume":"36","author":"Preacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511404700","article-title":"An exploratory model of girls\u2019 vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation in prostitution","volume":"16","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.06.008","article-title":"Efficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Rodenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0235","series-title":"Most of L.A. County youths held for prostitution come from foster care","author":"Sewell","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0240","series-title":"Balancing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with HOPE: New insights into the role of positive experience on child and family development","author":"Sege","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0245","first-page":"523","article-title":"Cultural sensitive trauma-informed therapy for youthful victims of human sex trafficking: Setting a course to healing","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Education Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/270723","article-title":"Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models","volume":"13","author":"Sobel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0255","series-title":"Stata statistical software: Release 13","author":"StataCorp","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0260","series-title":"Ending the commercial sexual exploitation of children: A call for multisystem collaboration in California","author":"Walker","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.08.013","article-title":"Coming of age on the streets: Survival sex among homeless young women in Hollywood","volume":"36","author":"Warf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.01.004","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations","volume":"29","author":"Whitfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9535-9","article-title":"The effects of cumulative risk and protection on problem behaviors for youth in an urban school-based system of care","volume":"49","author":"Whitson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"9315","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08355-1","article-title":"Child prostitution: Global health burden, research needs, and interventions","volume":"359","author":"Willis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.108357","article-title":"The health of trafficked women: A survey of women entering posttrafficking services in Europe","volume":"98","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:11:01Z","timestamp":1758935461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419302728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0145213419302728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring relationships as mediators of treatment outcomes among commercially sexually exploited youth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104095","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104095"}}