{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:28:16Z","timestamp":1792294096149,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T05:38:24Z","timestamp":1564810704000},"page":"104102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predictors of variation in sate reported rates of psychological maltreatment: A survey of statutes and a call for change"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy J.L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla","family":"Brassard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.17.1652","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood","volume":"282","author":"Anda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.03.001","article-title":"Adult recall of childhood psychological abuse: Definitional strategies and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0020","series-title":"Child development, and social policy","first-page":"7","article-title":"Defining child maltreatment: The interface between policy and research","author":"Barnett","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-72","article-title":"National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviors in England","volume":"12","author":"Bellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511428353","article-title":"Classes and consequences of multiple maltreatment","volume":"16","author":"Berzenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0035","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect: Definitions, classifications, and a framework for research","first-page":"151","article-title":"Defining psychological maltreatment","author":"Brassard","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0040","series-title":"Psychological maltreatment of children and youth","author":"Brassard","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0045","series-title":"Psychological maltreatment of children","author":"Brassard","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.07.022","article-title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences, high-risk behaviors, and morbidity in adulthood","volume":"50","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0060","series-title":"42 U.S.C. \u00a7 5101","author":"Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0065","series-title":"S. 3817\u2013111th congress: CAPTA reauthorization act of 2010","author":"Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0070","series-title":"Child file codebook national child abuse and neglect data SystemImplementation, development, and technical support","article-title":"National child abuse and neglect data system (NCANDS) child file codebook","author":"Children\u2019s Bureau","year":"2015"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.14.1359","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood","volume":"282","author":"Dietz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.24.3089","article-title":"Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: Findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study","volume":"286","author":"Dube","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0085","first-page":"206","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspective, Sep\u2013oct"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: Results from the adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"160","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.005","article-title":"Child maltreatment rates assessed in a national household survey of caregivers and youth","volume":"38","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/107755902237261","article-title":"Emotional abuse in children: Variations in legal definitions and rates across the United States","volume":"7","author":"Hamarman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0110","series-title":"Indianapolis: Office for the study of the psychological rights of the child","article-title":"Definition of psychological maltreatment","author":"Hart","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0115","series-title":"American professional society on child abuse guidelines for the psychosocial evaluation of suspected psychological maltreatment of children and youth","author":"Hart","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.3.397","article-title":"Creating and field-testing diagnostic criteria for partner and child maltreatment","volume":"20","author":"Heyman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017011","article-title":"Reliability of family maltreatment diagnostic criteria: 41site dissemination field trial","volume":"23","author":"Heyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.1.e11","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and women: A retrospective study","volume":"106","author":"Hillis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO world mental health surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0140","series-title":"The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment","first-page":"1","author":"Krugman","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002743","article-title":"Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional fractions","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.060","article-title":"Association between suicidal behavior and childhood abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0160","series-title":"The child welfare challenge: Policy, practice, and research","author":"Pecora","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8\/9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.35.8\/9.02","article-title":"A review of recent analyses of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS)","volume":"35","author":"Potter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disability Prevention in Canada"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559518767337","article-title":"What is neglect? State legal definitions in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Rebbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.08.003","article-title":"Introduction to the development of the ISPCAN child abuse screening tools","volume":"33","author":"Runyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617741381","article-title":"Adolescent victimization and early-adult psychopathology: Approaching causal inference using a longitudinal twin study to rule out non-causal explanations","volume":"6","author":"Schaefer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0185","series-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS\u20134): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2013.803507","article-title":"Emotional maltreatment reports in children: Their influence of State statures and co-occurring maltreatment","volume":"22","author":"Shpiegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506288878","article-title":"Creating and field-testing child maltreatment definitions: Improving the reliability of substantiation decisions","volume":"11","author":"Slep","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.132","article-title":"The specificity of childhood adversities and negative life events across the life span to anxiety and depressive disorders","volume":"126","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005125","article-title":"Can we ignore context in the definition of child maltreatment","volume":"3","author":"Sternberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y","article-title":"The neglect of child neglect: A meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.003","article-title":"Emotional abuse in a sample of multiply maltreated, urban young adolescents: Issues of definition and identification","volume":"33","author":"Trickett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0220","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Administration for children and families, administration on children, youth and families, children\u2019s bureau Child maltreatment 2014. 2016; Available from http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/cb\/research-data-technology\/statistics-research\/child-maltreatment."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1792","article-title":"Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of maltreatment","volume":"72","author":"Vachon","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302790?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419302790?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:12:01Z","timestamp":1758935521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419302790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0145213419302790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predictors of variation in sate reported rates of psychological maltreatment: A survey of statutes and a call for change","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104102"}}